Correspondent Dave Marash investigates the policy of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia. Eight Bosnian Muslim refugees in Croatia, former prisoners from the Keraterm camp near Prijedor, describe events in the camp and reveal the dates when massacres were committed by the Serbs (July 24 and July 20, 1992). After the Keraterm camp was closed, prisoners were transported to the Trnopolje camp. Footage from Sarajevo, Kozarac, the refugee camp in Karlovac, Keraterm, Trnopolje, and Manjaca is included. An August 1992 statement by President Clinton and an interview with Elie Wiesel, human rights activist, are included.

Dave Marash continues investigating the policy of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia. Several Bosnian Muslim refugees in Croatia and former prisoners from the Trnopolje and Omarska prison camps near Prijedor, including Nedzad Jakupovic, Edin Kararic, and Dr. Idriz Merdzic, describe the rape, torture, castration, and killings in the two camps. Footage from Sarajevo, Trnopolje, Omarska, and Manjaca is included. An interview with Elie Wiesel, human rights activist, is continued from part 1. Statements by Bosnian Serb Commanders, Momir Talic, Stojan Zuplijanin, and Zeljko Mejakic (indicted for war crimes) are also featured.

Robin Cook investigates the involvement of Zeljko Raznjatovic, also known as "Arkan," and his paramilitary brigade (the Serbian Volunteer Brigade often called "Arkan's Tigers") in crimes committed in Northern Croatia and Bosnia, focusing on events in Vocin and Lesevo. Graphic footage is shown, including photographs of atrocities committed by Arkan's soldiers. A broad array of interviews presented includes an interview with Arkan in Belgrade and statements by witnesses of atrocities, local government officials, survivors of massacres, and Milos Vasic (Belgrade journalist). Footage from Vocin, Lesevo, Vukovar, Lastovo, Bijeljina (TV Novi Sad), Erdut, and Belgrade is included.

Peter Jennings gives a brief update on another incident of ethnic cleansing in Bosnia. A map is used to illustrate areas under Serbian control, including Kamenica and Cerska. "In two towns under siege by Serbian forces, several thousand Muslim men, women and children have been forced to abandon their homes and walk 20 miles to another town because they have no food left."

Chuck Goudie reports from Croatia on activities of Miroslav Kovacevic, a Croatian-American doctor from Chicago, during his visit to Croatia. Dr. Kovacevic runs the Save the Children of Croatia Fund that provides clothes, medical supplies and money to needy children and other victims of war. Reports from the refugee camp in Gasinci, Croatia (home to 3,500 refugees from Bosnia), Osijek, and a visit to a Croatian family are included. Interviews with the refugees, local residents and a refugee camp doctor are included to illustrate difficulties experienced by the refugees. Destruction in Osijek, including the shelling of a hospital, is shown.

This film shows amateur video of the town of Travnik/Vlasici. A number of mutilated male corpses can be seen, as well as freshly turned fields.

This film focuses on Serbian claims to the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Graphic footage is shown, including scenes from the Vase Miskina St. Massacre (Bread Line Massacre) and the Ahatovici Massacre. Imagery includes slaughtered men, injured children, and archival footage from WWII. Very little identification is provided. Footage from the Trnopolje prison camp is also included with a brief interview with a prisoner. Rape is mentioned as well.

This broadcast features refugees who have come to Tuzla from Srebrenica and other surrounding towns. Much of the footage shows the refugees in the hospital. Many of these refugees have wounds that have not been looked at in two months. As doctors remove bandages, much of the flesh has rotted away. Many amputations and other medical operations are performed without local anesthesia.

Interviews of raped Serbian, Croatian, and Muslim women. One victim said that Serb soldiers raped women of all ages, from six-year-olds to 80-year-olds. The women are not identified by name nor location. Karen Landgren, of the UN Refugee Commission, talks about her experience in working with these rape victims.

This film is amateur video footage of Dr. Clyde Snow, forensic anthropologist, taking a preliminary archeological survey of the Vukovar mass grave site. The excavation of two bodies is shown, with evidence of many more awaiting further investigation.

Larry Hollingworth, UNHCR official in Bosnia, discusses the situation in Srebrenica, including the lack of food and how residents are facing desperation because the UN aid supplies are expected to last only five days. Hollingworth predicts bloodshed if the UN doesn't take drastic measures to ensure the safety of people in Srebrenica. He also expresses his opinion about General Morillon's role in the situation. In the following interview, Reginald Bartholomew (U.S. Ambassador and Special Envoy to the Former Yugoslavia) provides his perspective on the war in Bosnia.

This film focuses on Serbian claims to the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Graphic footage is shown, including scenes from the Vase Miskina St. Massacre (Bread Line Massacre) and the Ahatovici Massacre. Imagery includes slaughtered men, injured children, and archival footage from WWII. Very little identification is provided. Footage from the Trnopolje prison camp is also included with a brief interview with a prisoner. Rape is mentioned as well.

BBC's Martin Bell reports on how people cope with harsh living conditions caused by heavy fighting and cold weather in the besieged city of Sarajevo and Serb-held Grbavica, and the failure of diplomatic measures to bring peace. Bell interviews Sarajevans in a shelter, refugees in the Hotel Europa, and anonymous rape victims from the alleged rape center in Sokolac. The interviews include a young boy who lost his entire family in a massacre near the brewery. Statements included feature David Owen, Radovan Karadzic, Alija Izetbegovic, Safet Tokaca (Bosnian Army commander) and a Bosnian Serb soldier. Serb positions along the old road to Pale are also shown.

Margaret Larson interviewed Radovan Karadzic, the leader of the Bosnian Serbs, during his stay in New York for scheduled peace negotiations. Karadzic expresses his desire to get an autonomous region for the Bosnian Serbs, in order to "get out of any possibility for being dominated by the Muslim community." He denies all reports suggesting Bosnian Serb involvement in crimes of mass rape and ethnic cleansing. It is "a big mistake of media to buy this kind of story," says Karadzic. He characterizes the war in Bosnia as "the worst kind of inter-ethnic and inter-religious civilian war." Karadzic comments on his restricted status in the U.S.

This report focuses on the experiences of rape victims in the former Yugoslavia and the activities of Judy Darnell. Darnell is a former volunteer combat nurse on the front lines in Croatia who revisited the region in order to learn about the experiences of raped women and provide them with support and help. Darnell interviews female victims of rape, most of whom are Bosnian Muslim refugees in Croatia, and the perpetrators, Bosnian Serb soldiers in a Bosnian prison. Darnell's opinion is that rape is being used by the Serb soldiers as a weapon in the Bosnian conflict, "as a part of their ethnic cleansing campaign." Forced impregnation also discussed. Scene of woman in pink scarf retelling her rape.

Jennifer Nadel reports from Croatia on rape as a weapon of war that is being used by all sides in the war in Bosnia. Interviews with several victims of rape who fled to Croatia (some of whom were impregnated) and Marie de la Soudiere (United Nations High Commissioner for Refuges) are included. The Medical Faculty of Zagreb University, which collects evidence on war crimes for the Croatian government, issued a report indicating that the Serbs are to be held responsible for most of the rapes committed against Muslim women. Another report, issued by the UN, indicates that there has been no effort by those in authority to curb the atrocities.

ITN's Penny Marshall and Ian Williams of Channel 4 News were invited by the Bosnian Serb leader, Radovan Karadzic, to visit Omarska and Trnopolje prison camps in Northern Bosnia. Constant images of emaciated prisoners are shown. The ITN crew was only allowed to visit a dining hall in the Omarska camp. Camp guards refused to let them see the living accommodations for prisoners there. Prisoners who were transported from Omarska to the Trnopolje prison camp give brief statements. A boy is interviewed, age 13, who came to Trnopolje voluntarily, claiming he was used as a human shield by extremist Muslims and that his mother was taken by the Serbs. Bosnian Serb administrators of the camps such as Simo Drljaca and Nada Balaban are shown.

This film features interviews with Boro Herak, Sretko Damjanovic, and Nada Tomic, all prosecuted and convicted in a Sarajevo Court.

This film features interviews with Boro Herak, Sretko Damjanovic, and Nada Tomic, all prosecuted and convicted in a Sarajevo Court.

This program focuses on the establishment of the International War Crimes Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. Cherif Bassiouni, DePaul Univ. law professor heading the UN War Crimes Commission, speaks about the character of the Tribunal. Statements by Clyde Snow (forensic anthropologist), Aryeh Neier (Executive Director, Human Rights Watch), Madeleine Albright, Elie Wiesel, Lawrence Eagleberger, Feryal Gharahi (Equality Now), Zeljko Raznjatovic (aka "Arkan"), and Radovan Karadzic are included. Brief reports on other human rights issues in the world and a video-spot by a Croatian musician, Nenad Bach, are also included. Footage of prison camps, massacres, and the Nuremberg trials, is shown.

Two Bosnian Serb women, victims of rape, featured. J.I. (age 28, from Bosnia), describes how she had to leave Croatia and how Serb women from Kninska Krajina were tortured and raped by Croats (she calls them "Ustase") and Muslims in Slavonski Brod and Odzak. J.I. was pregnant and didn't want to see her child when it was born. S.K. (age 20 from Sarajevo) describes how she was held captive in Pofalici, in a prison run by Ismet Bajramovic (aka "Celo"), who raped her. S.K. was also pregnant and gave birth to a child. Two doctors from Belgrade hospitals speak of late pregnancies ending in abortions and the traumas endured by victims of rape.

This documentary provides an overview of geographic and demographic facts about Croatia, Croatian cultural achievements and the history of the region from a Croatian perspective. The history of Croatia from 1918 to the present is portrayed as being characterized by Serb dominance and the oppression of Croatian political freedom. Bosnia and Herzegovina is referred to as a part of Croatia. A brief history of Jewish settlement of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina is also discussed. Archival footage of Stjepan Radic, King Alexander, Ante Pavelic, Tito, and Alojzije Stepinac is included. Martin Sheen narrates at the very end.

This film, narrated by actor Martin Sheen, attempts to show how the war in the former Yugoslavia has been waged by the former Yugoslavian Federal Army (JNA). The Yugoslav Army is accused of openly fighting for the interests of greater Serbia and supporting terrorism. The film attempts to provide a brief historical background of the region in an effort to show Serbia's domination over Croatia, especially during Tito's Yugoslavia. Atrocities committed throughout Croatia are mentioned, accompanied by graphic images of murdered persons, archival and amateur footage, and pictures from HTV, and HTV Studio Osijek.

This film attempts to show, in graphic detail, the killing and torture of Croatian civilians. Many killings are shown, but specific locations, names, witnesses, and sources are not offered. Extremely graphic footage of tortured and maimed bodies and corpses are shown. Coverage of children in hospitals, countless women behind barbed wire and roadsides littered with the bodies of people who tried to escape the camps are also featured.

This film shows several Bosnian Government Army soldiers in Tuzla, and female Bosnian soldiers in training near Tesanj, located near Tuzla, struggling to defend the long tradition of multi-ethnic coexistence in this Bosnian city. In Tuzla, Muslims, Croats, Serbs, and men and women of mixed heritage are seen fighting together. Several of these men and women briefly describe their experiences, attitudes toward war and their enemy, and their reasons for fighting. The Serbian church and cemetery in Tuzla are shown preserved in perfect condition, while the Mosques are shown desecrated.

This broadcast features a war crimes trial held in Sarajevo. Borislav Herak, a Bosnian Serb soldier; Sretko Damjanovic; and Nada Tomic are accused of murder, rape, and theft committed against Bosnian Muslim civilians. Herak has confessed to his involvement in the killing of at least 220 Bosnian Muslims. Herak describes, in detail, how he committed murders and acts of rape. He claims to have carried out orders. A report by Kim Acker is included, which provides background on the Yugoslavian conflict and is accompanied by commentary from Catherine MacKinnon, a specialist in human rights law, and Michael Posner from the Lawyer's Committee for Human Rights.

This broadcast features a war crimes trial held in Sarajevo. Borislav Herak, a Bosnian Serb soldier; Sretko Damjanovic; and Nada Tomic are accused of murder, rape, and theft committed against Bosnian Muslim civilians. Herak has confessed to his involvement in the killing of at least 220 Bosnian Muslims. Herak describes, in detail, how he committed murders and acts of rape. He claims to have carried out orders. A report by Kim Acker is included, providing background on the Yugoslavian conflict. The broadcast is accompanied by commentary from Julie Mertus from the Center of Reproductive Law and Policy.

This report focuses on the rising crime and its perpetrators in Belgrade, Serbia. Zeljko Raznjatovic, aka "Arkan," is cited as one of the most influential criminals, also wanted by Interpol in several European countries and accused by the West of committing war crimes in Croatia and Bosnia. The report portrays him as a hero in Serbia and a member of Serbian Parliament. Serbian TV and the Serbian Orthodox Church are shown to openly support Belgrade gangsters. Brief statements on Serbian TV by several Belgrade gangsters and a local criminologist are included. An anonymous male points to the likely involvement of higher government officials in a circle of crime and black marketeering in Belgrade.

This film seeks to emphasize how Serbs are deliberately destroying Croatian churches to eradicate Croats and destroy elements of their own history. According to the video, "Croatia is being attacked by some primeval darkness that's deeply rooted in the aggressor; they need to humiliate, to desecrate, to rape." The film also states that 350 churches have been destroyed or damaged throughout Croatia. HTV and amateur footage from 1991 show churches destroyed and damaged. Names and locations of churches are not identified. Images of Cardinal Franjo Kuharic are also included.

Paul Davis reports from the city of Dubrovnik where battles between the Yugoslavian Federal Army (JNA) and Croatian forces are in progress on Mount Srdj, above Dubrovnik. The report shows how the JNA attacks from air, land and sea. According to the hospital reports, the victims are mostly civilians. The Old City and residential areas in Dubrovnik are shown under bombardment. Boats in the main and old ports and hotels are shown in flames. Statements by EC observers, a Franciscan monk, and Sarah Maraeka, Britain's Consul to Dubrovnik, are also included.

This program focuses on war crimes committed against the Bosnian Muslims. The film begins with a chronology portraying a long history of genocide against the Bosnian Muslims. Many cases of atrocities committed against Bosnian Muslims in this century are mentioned, including the "great Serbian genocide over the Bosnian Muslims in 1918." The program attempts to explain a driving force in the policy of genocide, or "Cetnik ideology," that propagates the "physical extermination of Bosnian Muslims." Graphic images are shown of those murdered and massacred persons, as well as footage of the destruction of Bosnian towns. Networks such as HTV, SKY News, TV NS and TV BiH are featured, including archival stills and footage.

This report features Canadians detailing the Serbian side of the war. A refugee camp is visited where Muslim women and children are treated kindly. The report seeks to show unfair the coverage of Serbs during the war is. A panel discussion is included.

This report features Canadians detailing the Serbian side of the war. A refugee camp is visited where Muslim women and children are treated kindly. The report seeks to show unfair the coverage of Serbs during the war is. A panel discussion is included.

Steve Platter, an American reporting on the Serb side of war, interviews Metropolitan Jovan (Zagreb/Ljubljana) Colonel Momcilo Momcilovic. German weapons are shown, allegedly seized from Croatian soldiers. Includes depictions of political speeches, and the history behind the Serbs' quest of independence.

Jeremy Bowen, a BBC correspondent, reports from the besieged city of Sarajevo on a Sunday when 20 people were killed and nearly 200 wounded as a result of heavy shelling by the Bosnian Serbs. At this time, the Serbs are on the counter-attack because of advancements by the Bosnian government forces' on Mt. Trebevic. The hospitals in Sarajevo are full, due to the many civilian and Bosnian government soldier casualties. Bowen gives some brief information on the situation in Gorazde, another UN Safe Haven under siege. This report also focuses on a beauty contest held in Sarajevo during the same weekend, amid heavy pounding by Bosnian Serb artillery on the surrounding hills.

This broadcast features some brief information about the UN resolution concerning Safe Havens, followed by a report from Srebrenica, one of six cities designated as a Safe Haven in Bosnia. The harsh living conditions of Muslim refugees in this town are shown, including problems caused by overpopulation, due to an influx of refugees from the surrounding areas. The report discusses how humanitarian aid is the main source of food, cigarettes have become currency, and prostitution is increasing. At the time of the report, the Serbs were within a few hundred yards of the demilitarized zone. Statements by a UNHCR official and a Bosnian Serb Army commander, Cvijetin Vuksic, are included.

These reports investigate the effectiveness of the UN operation in the former Yugoslavia, the attitude of the United States towards the conflict in Bosnia, rape and its consequences (two slightly different reports on rape by Christiane Amanpour are both featured), the progress of the war crimes trial in Sarajevo, protests organized in the U.S. against the policy of rape in the former Yugoslavia, and the conclusion of a war crimes trial in Sarajevo. An ITN report on survivors of the Omarska prison camp, Nusreta Sivac, Jadranka Cigelj, Zlata and two other men, is also included. Survivors identify individual Bosnian Serb soldiers as the perpetrators of crimes in the prison camp at Omarska.

Humanitarian team "ECMY-Zagreb" (European Community Monitors - Yugoslavia, Zagreb) visits a totally destroyed church in Centigrad (near Slunj).

Bosnian Serb women, all victims of rape, describe their experiences in brief statements. The women are from Bosanski Brod, Novi Grad near Odzak, Vrbovacki Lipik near Odzak, Derventa, and Borci near Boracko Jezero. According to the report, women of all ages were assaulted, mostly by their former neighbors. Some of the women interviewed reveal the names of the men who assaulted them, describing the perpetrators as being ethnically Croatian, or simply referring to them as the "Ustasa." The subtitles in English incorrectly refer to the rapists as "Muslim neighbors."

This video features amateur video of a village as visited by civilians and paramilitary after an ethnic cleansing. Includes footage of livestock running wild, the bodies of many civilians, and excessive destruction of civilian property.

Belgrade Television recording: an interview with a woman in front of her house, utterly destroyed. Also interviewed are other civilian victims of war. The content does not correspond to the IMI description.

Bosnian history from the Serbs' perspective, testimony from soldiers concerning rape and killing: graphic footage. Includes depictions of severe malnutrition amongst the prisoners.

Discussion with doctor about various illnesses, wounds he's treated relating to the siege, and his opinions. Interview with a mother and children about their fleeing Sarajevo, asking if they will ever return.

This report features a discussion of projects such as the study of the rape in the former Yugoslavia, the investigation and scrutiny of specific laws of war conflict, and a general review of what happened during the battle of Sarajevo, concentrating on "law of arm" conflict violations. Rape victims give testimony in addition to eye witnesses, doctors, and other hospital administrators, all within the context of the siege of Sarajevo.

ORF reporter Claudia Neuhauser interviews citizens in pre-war Bosnia for their opinions on an independent Bosnia. As the war in Croatia escalates and the Yugoslav federation falls apart, the Bosnian government application for international recognition and independence from Yugoslavia is pending. The report cites the extensive ethnic and cultural mix of Bosnia's 4.2 million people: 44% Muslim, 31% Serb, and 17% Croat. Ejup Ganic of the Bosnian government explains how Bosnia's mixed cultural and ethnic heritage makes it a unique area. Ganic also states that recognition of an independent Bosnia is the solution to the Yugoslav crisis. The creation of Tito's communist Yugoslavia is then detailed. Jajce is exemplified as being a model for a Yugoslavia where all nationalities enjoy the same rights. Interviewed is Radovan Karadzic, leader of the Serbian Democratic Party, who states that an independent Bosnia is unacceptable to the Bosnian Serbs. According to Karadzic's plan, Bosnian should be split up, with the 600,000 Bosnian Serbs receiving 60% of the territory which would remain under the auspices of Yugoslavia. His plan also includes the designation of a bridge in Sarajevo which would separate Serbian Bosnia from the independent Bosnia. The report explains that the war in Croatia has affected the Bosnian economy whose monthly inflation is 20%, which will not change as long as Bosnia is a part of Yugoslavia. Banja Luka, the capital of the self-proclaimed Bosnian (Serb) Krajina, is then analyzed, where soldiers are a common sight on the streets, and the government receives direction from Yugoslavia. Finally, Claudia Neuhauser explains that the film crew was arrested by the Banja Luka police. At the police station the crew was interrogated, accused of Croat espionage, and their film material confiscated by the military police. Statements are made by three unidentified Bosnian men, two unidentified Bosnian women, and Habib Hadziosmanovic, a former partisan. Footage includes a Bosnian Muslim graveyard, a Bosnian Muslim praying in a Mosque, JNA soldiers, landscapes of Bosnia, Jajce waterfall, the room where Tito proclaimed Yugoslavia a new country, a sculpture of Tito, streets of Jajce, a Jajce marketplace, a map of Bosnia's pre-war ethnic makeup, a map of Karadzic's plan for the division of Bosnia, Sarajevo's pre-war National Library, a grocery store (presumably in Sarajevo), apartment buildings in Sarajevo, a poster of Captain (Kapetan) Dragan, and JNA soldiers in Banja Luka.

The bombardment of a multi-ethnic Sarajevo is focused on.

This broadcast focuses on Bosnia and Herzegovina just before the war. Radovan Karadzic, leader of the Bosnian Serbs, is interviewed and gives his psychiatric analysis of the conflict. Also interviewed are Goran Milic, Director of the independent television station Yutel in Sarajevo; Marko Orsolic, theologian and political theorist; and Muhamed Filipovic, head of the Muslim Movement. The varying opinions illustrate the dichotomy between those supporting continued integration and those for ethnic partition. The report also concentrates on pre-war tension in Sarajevo, political rhetoric and the subsequent arming of the opposing sides.

The focus of the report is Macedonia and its newly-gained independence. The main issues covered are Greek animosity towards an independent Macedonia, and questions regarding the Serbian and Albanian minorities. Macedonian President Kiro Gligorov comments on the issue, stating that Macedonian people only want their independence. Greece opposes Macedonia's independence, contending that Macedonia is a Greek territory. Gligorov further states that the economy remains unstable and that Greece's economic embargo on Macedonia conflicts with EU free-trade agreements. The report further states that after gaining independence from Yugoslavia, Gligorov's goal for Macedonia is to show that peaceful coexistence in the Balkans is possible. The difficulty for Macedonians to receive visas from Greece is also mentioned. Elizabeta Dadovska, a Macedonian born in Greece, talks about her inability to visit the Greek village where she was born and partially raised. Her mother Sofija Kuleva and Vasil Kulev, her brother, comment on Greece's frustration with Macedonia. Both Jana Popovska, a teacher, and Goko Gosevski, an Ohrid museum curator, give brief accounts of Macedonian history and independence. Gosevksi states that the worst aggression Macedonia ever suffered was from Serbs in WWII. The report claims that Serbia has always regarded Macedonia as a colony, a part of land which has to be protected. Todorska Kozewska, a Macedonian worker married to a Serb, talks about being taught that Macedonia exists only as a part of Yugoslavia. Sahade Aliv, an Albanian girl, talks about the oppression Albanians endure in Macedonia. Also interviewed is Naser Zyberi, leader of the Albanian Party for Progress, who states that although Albanians are constitutionally equals to other ethnicites, they do not feel treated as equals. The report ends with a brief account of how farmers are coping with the economic crisis. In the past, they were seen as poor, but currently, villages are seen as being fully capable of fending for themselves. Other footage includes the night of Macedonia's independence celebration, St. Clement Orthodox Monastery, antique furniture of the Urania trade family, Macedonian villagers, and Albanian houses built within Macedonia with money earned by Albanian men working in Western countries.

This broadcast focuses on problems and dilemmas faced by Sarajevo as a besieged city. The report shows empty grocery stores and how the general infrastructure has collapsed. Frustration with Europe and the U.S. is apparent in interviews with civilians, soldiers, and businessmen. The report states that Bosnians were the strongest believer in multi-ethnic cooperation, and therefore the war comes to them as a nightmare. The report gives an example of a Sarajevo building whose inhabitants decided to create a multi-ethnic self-defense system. A young Serbian man talks about the ethnically mixed makeup of the tenants. Two ethnically unidentified men exclaim that it is the war that made them aware of their neighbors' ethnicity. They consider the three ethnicities to be all the same people. An older Muslim refugee woman gives an account of having her home destroyed by the army. Interviewed is also Bozidar Matic, president of Energoinvest, the largest Bosnian company. He talks about the general disbelief that U.S./EU mediation between the three parties (Serbs, Croats, and Muslims) will bring about any solutions. Ejup Ganic, member of the Bosnian parliament., states that under the leadership of Milosevic, Serbia has managed to destroy the dream of Yugoslav unity by wanting too much control. Other footage includes: Bosnian soldiers trying to recapture a building in Sarajevo, pictures of Sarajevo's old town [Bascarsija], refugees cramped into a school watched by Bosnian forces, people waiting in line to get food supplies, empty Sarajevo grocery stores, and Energoinvest.

This broadcast focuses on Kosovo as an area where conflict may potentially reappear. The report details how Kosovo is revered by Serbs as the cradle of Serbian culture, featuring a brief historical account of Kosovo and the significance of the Battle of Kosovo Polje in 1389. The modern state of the economy is then focused on, showing the dire poverty of the region and how the illegal trading in foreign hard currency is some of the only work available. Having always been the poorest part of Yugoslavia, Kosovo's ethnic make-up is then examined, detailing showing how many Serbs have emigrated to cities in Serbia proper, creating an even larger ethnic Albanian majority. The report talks about the police state existing in Kosovo and the ethnic Albanians' desire to gain full independence. The report includes an interview with Ibrahim Rugova, ethnic Albanian leader of the LDK; several other ethnic Albanian leaders; and Serbian officials in Kosovo. The report details how the Serbian Orthodox Church aids in the oppression of the Albanian majority, featuring interviews with Fathers Atanasije Rakita and George Trajkovic, Serbian Orthodox priests in the Prizren diocese, who state that Serbs have deeper roots in Kosovo and that it has always been Serbian territory. According to the priests, Muslims have been continuously endangering Serbian churches and their priesthood with little tolerance towards Christianity—especially, they claim, after the 300,000 Albanian Muslims settled after WWII, offsetting the Serbs' historical ethnic majority. Alushi A. Gashi, an Albanian doctor and human rights activist, states that Serbia has created a state of apartheid in Kosovo, experiencing oppression in every aspect of daily life. A Serbian female student at the University of Pristina is also interviewed, saying that, as a member of the Serbian minority, she feels very unsafe in Kosovo. Radivoje Popovic, Serbian President of the University of Pristina, claims that demands for political secession are coming from the Albanian side, namely out of ethnic Albanian student organizations, and that there will be no negotiations over the issue of to whom Kosovo belongs. Ibrahim Rugova gives his view on how Serbian propaganda has been used to skew the reality that Serbs have succeeded in controlling all public institutions in Kosovo and forbidding official use of the Albanian language. He also touches on Kosovar Albanians' desire to be an independent state and the possibility of uniting with Albania. Other footage includes monasteries in the Prizren area (Decani); the ruins in Kosovo Polje; street life and markets in Kosovo; Albanian writers and intellectuals meeting at the Literary Society of Kosovo; impoverished living conditions among Albanian families in their homes; and Albanian children being taught in private homes.

Life of the Bosnian refugees in the camps in Istra, Croatia.

Produced by the Catholic relief agency Caritas, this broadcast reports on the destruction and humanitarian crisis caused by the war in the former Yugoslavia, and makes an appeal for contributions. Destruction of towns and cities, refugee camps, military personnel, and dead civilians are shown throughout. The destruction from the war is focused on to garner support for Caritas' relief activities. Sarajevan civilians living under siege comment on their situation with pleas for help. The bombardment of a multi-ethnic Sarajevo is focused on as well, including brief interviews with Bosnian Serb soldiers giving justification for their siege.

This broadcast features an exploration of the Serbian folk consciousness and how it has contributed to the arming of civilians and the military might of Serb forces in the war in the former Yugoslavia. The influence of political systems and history are discussed, creating what the reporter refers to as a "militaristic neurosis," said to remain embedded within the Serbian national character. Nationalist politicians such as Vuk Draskovic and Vojislav Seselj are also shown at rallies. The influential role of the Serbian Orthodox Church, the Serbian monarchy, and other elements culturally relevant to the Serbs are discussed as well.

This broadcast focuses on Sarajevo during the war, and, more specifically, on how one family continues to survive everyday life in the besieged city. Many key shots of war-time Sarajevo are featured as the news crew follow the mother and father of the family on their way to work and interview them at their respective workplaces. The family's mother is also shown at the market and on her way back home. The family's older son is interviewed from his hospital bed, injured from a grenade blast. The reporter goes in-depth into what the family must endure, both emotionally and mentally, on a daily basis under siege in Sarajevo.

Peter Jennings examines, in detail, the reasons why the U.S. and European Community have been hesitant from the beginning to get involved in the war in the former Yugoslavia. A variety of opinions are expressed through commentary by Jandranka Cigelj, Roy Gutman, various State Department and military officials, UN workers, former Secretary of State Laurence Eagleburger, and former Ambassador to Yugoslavia, Warren Zimmerman, among others. There is a lot of footage of civilian destruction, dead bodies, prisoners in death camps, and refugees.

This program includes a report by Dave Marash about the consequences of the war in Bosnia, and an interview conducted by Barbara Walters with two former U.S. State Department officials, George Kenney and Marshall Freeman Harris, both of whom resigned in protest over the U.S. policy in Bosnia. The report by Marsh includes brief interviews with victims of rape, torture, and ethnic cleansing. Most of these statements were previously featured in other ABC programs. Discussions are held with Professor Cheriff Bassiouni, UN Commission of Experts for the former Yugoslavia; Lawrence Eagleburger, U.S. State Department; Eric Stover, Physicians for Human Rights; and Elie Wiesel, human rights activist.

Tape features RTB footage of destruction of civilian property and amateur footage of murdered civilians. Archival footage of WWII victims, WWII battles, Hitler meeting Pavelic, Ante Pavelic, and concentration camps featured. Interviews with Jasenovac survivors featured. Statements by Dr. Milan Bulajic, historian; Marijan Juric, HDZ representative in Croatian Parliament; John Paul II; Stevan Veselinovic, JNA officer from Zadar (July 21, 1991); various victims of the Ustasha terror, including small children; Zeljko Raznatovic Arkan; a Serbian Orthodox priest; and other officials. Footage of the Prebilovci pit (from September 23, 1991), shows the remains of the victims of the Ustasha terror; Zabreb (1990); Croats attacking JNA soldiers in Split (from May 6, 1991); massacred Serbian fighters, and their grieving families.

Massacre of Serbs by Croatian army in Divos village. The tape shows many dead bodies—skeletons, fingers cut off—and Ustashi graffities on walls, with messages such as "Ustashi ruling here." After this, a man gives a lengthy account from a hospital bed of an attack on his village. Then many civilians are interviewed about the impact on their lives and future. The last sections deal with the destruction of a Franciscan monastery in Vukovar, built in 1723, which uncovered a wealth of valuables in catacombs belonging to the Count Philip family, and arguments about who killed Varga Laszlo.

The tape begins with a narrator proclaiming that the "one-and-a-half-year rule of HDZ (Croatian Democratic Union) over Vukovar resulted in horrific terror, such as: hundreds of dead, wounded, and maimed civilians; many destroyed families, resettled and humiliated citizens; thousands of elderly, women, and children in refuge; cruel crimes; [HDZ's] bestial free reign; countless human tragedies; destruction, and despair." The rule of the HDZ has brought on the tragic destruction of Vukovar. The narrator also provides a chronology of HDZ rule and violence in Vukovar. Footage from November 15, 5, 21, 18, 19, and 22, 1991, is featured. Croatian soldiers are shown. Images of dead civilians, many of whom are disfigured, are displayed with somber classical music in the background. Certain streets and civilian houses identified. Statements by civilians and soldiers featured (they testify about the gruesome crimes of the Ustasha forces; no one is identified). Gruesome crimes against hundreds of Serb civilians, including young children, and members of the Yugoslav army, are enumerated over footage of dead bodies in the streets of what is presumably Vukovar. Footage from Radio Television Belgrade (RTB) featured at 00:13:00. Branimir Aleksandric of the Medical Faculty in Belgrade testifies about the nature of the injuries inflicted on Vukovar's Serb civilians, most of whom were murdered. Jovan Stepanovic, a JNA soldier, is interviewed amidst the rubble and destroyed houses in Vukovar. Novi Sad footage (00:16:15) of the Center for Identificaton, Vukovar. Interview with a civilian with regards to forensic investigation. (00:16:40) Dr. Zoran Stankovic, a forensic medicine specialist, is featured. Graphic images of naked, dead bodies shown as Stankovic describes the origin of their injuries. (00:20:00) Member of the Council of National Guard (ZNG): on-camera statement of his experiences in Vukovar. (0:21:00) Croatian soldiers shown surrendering their weapons.

The first 32 minutes of the tape are the same as the container No. 42, but in Latin alphabet, and with slightly different editing. In this program, Ustasa atrocities against Serbs in Croatia are shown. Archival WWII footage is used, seeking to draw a parallel between the crimes of the WWII Ustasa state under Ante Pavelic and the modern-day conflict.

The program features interviews with a rape victim; a prisoner, Alija Selimagic, member of the Green Berets, who discusses how he raped and killed young women (from Zip, political news magazine program produced by Serbian TV); a woman accused by the Croatian police of having ties to the Chetniks discusses her imprisonment, rape, and mistreatment. An interview with an American soldier is also featured.

In this documentary, philosopher and filmmaker Bernard-Henri Lévy examines the effects of war on Sarajevo and its inhabitants. He focuses on the psychological effects as well as the physical. Daily life under siege is shown through numerous interviews with Sarajevo residents. Many physical and historical structures are shown burning as well, including the National Library. The approach of the film is to show the suffering and humiliation endured by the residents of Sarajevo. This is achieved through Lévy's interviews with various Bosnian Croat, Serb, and Muslims throughout the city

After first ethnic incidents in Sarajevo was organized mass rally for peace and understanding between peoples and against nationalism. One of the posters says: "Let us be students, not soldiers". News broadcasts on the peace rallies through Bosnia.

This video focuses on the town of Turbe in the area around Mt. Vlasic, near Travnik. The town, destroyed by the Bosnian Serbs, had a pre-war population composed of Serbs, Croats, and Muslims. Graphic footage of dead, naked bodies is included. Amateur footage is also included of people uncovering mass graves and identifying the dead bodies of massacred civilians. Mostar, Donja Mahala and the entire left bank of the Neretva River are shown to have been completely ruined.

Produced in September 1992, this film begins with footage of the Berlin Wall being destroyed, combined with the images of Serb soldiers pointing their guns at Sarajevo, people running to avoid sniper fire and the general destruction of Sarajevo. Hotel Europe, Zetra stadium, the Sarajevo library and the Parliament building are shown burning. Footage from HTV, TVS and amateur video show the Ahatovici massacre on June 15, 1992, including graphic images of murdered civilians. Information from the 1991 census in Bosnia and maps of the ethnic make-up of Bosnia are also shown, as well as the Jewish community's history there. Archival footage from WWII and images from the war in Bosnia are combined, including the Bread Line Massacre.

Bosnian Serb women, all victims of rape, describe their experiences in brief statements. The women are from Bosanski Brod, Novi Grad near Odzak, Vrbovacki Lipik near Odzak, Derventa, and Borci near Boracko Jezero. According to the report, women of all ages were assaulted, mostly by their former neighbors. Some of the women interviewed reveal the names of the men who assaulted them, citing the perpetrators as being ethnically Croatian, or they simply refer to them as the "Ustasa."

Shows placid pre-war Vukovar contrasted with the destruction and devastation caused by the war.

Shows placid pre-war Vukovar contrasted with the destruction and devastation caused by the war.

Interview with Vera Sabotic and her brother Esko from Mostar, who are of mixed descent. Their parents and older brother were murdered, and Vera raped; and they wish to take revenge for these actions against them. There is also an interview with a Croatian woman who was robbed, imprisoned, and raped.

About Mostar and Medjugorje.

A chronology of the conflict in Croatia, with its historical background; shots of devastation; and interviews with victims.

Mediha Bekic (her face concealed to preserve her anonymity), from Vogosca near Sarajevo, describes how she was raped and beaten by Bosnian Serb soldiers. Saida and Samira Ajanovic (filmed on May 22,1993) from Sljedovici, Rogatica, describe how their village was attacked. Incidents of rape, ethnic cleansing and forced conversion of Muslims to Orthodox Christian faith are discussed. Perpetrators are identified from Pale, Rogatica, Serbia and Pakrac. Other rape victims describe their experiences as well (TV BiH, SAT3). A testimony is featured by a convicted perpetrator, Borislav Herak (TV BiH), a Bosnian Serb soldier, and is accompanied by commentary from Sister Ancilla and Dr. Ante Drozanovic (TV BiH) about the traumas endured by rape victims.

Footage from April 1992 to February 1993, showing child victims of war in a crowded, inadequate hospital in Sarajevo.

This tape features a short promotional video for the Global Children's Organization's Island to Island program, a self-described "place for children traumatized by war and intolerance in former Yugoslavia." Children are shown playing and interacting at the island camp. Short interviews are included with campers and counselors.

Survivors from various Serb villages discuss the atrocities committed by Muslims and Croats. Mostly amateur footage—some of it very graphic—accompanied by the testimonies of survivors of massacres.

Emsuda Mujagic, President of Women of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Dr. Faruk Konjhodzic, chief neurosurgeon at Sarajevo Hospital; Elie Wiesel; James O'Day, Amnesty International; Tadeusz Mazowietski; Bernard Koucher, former French Minister of Health and Humanitarian Action; Teleford Taylor, prosecutor, Nuremberg Trials; Dame Ann Warburton; Professor Bassiouni; Ron Redman; Francoise Saulina; Dr. Clyde Snow; and Alain Pellet.

David Marash reports on the UN bureaucratic logjam which has been preventing the evacuation of seriously ill and wounded children from Sarajevo. He cites the specific case of Irma Hadzimuratovic, a young girl suffering from shrapnel wounds and meningitis. Her doctor, Dr. Edo Jaganjovic, explains how he is unable to treat her due to a lack of basic necessities such as lab work and electricity. Marash explains that Irma's doctor would like to get her out of the Sarajevo hospital, but that a bureaucratic logjam is preventing him from doing so. Marash explains that in order for Irma to have been transferred, her case would have to have been approved by a UN committee—but they concluded that she was too ill to travel, despite never examining her. Interviewed is her father, Ramiz Hadzimuratovic, who details the extensive bureaucracy he had to go through in order to get Irma to a London hospital. Marash then details the efforts of various news organizations, such as "Oslobodjenje," a French News agency, SKY News, and the BBC in helping out in making passports and showing the world reports of Irma's suffering. The report cites UNICEF statistics, showing that since April of 1992, 13,932 children were wounded, and 1450 children killed (in Bosnia). The second part of the report contains a Ted Koppel interview with David Marash, who explains that Irma's case has changed UN regulations regarding the evacuation of children. Marash further explains that the Bosnia war is about nationalists who want to define the world according to ones religious and ethnic background. He states that Sarajevo's long history of ethnic and religious tolerance presents an [ideological] threat to the totalitarian regimes of Croatia and Serbia. Furthermore, he states, if Sarajevo manages to remain a democratic capital, it could attract intelligentsia from Serbia and Croatia to move to Sarajevo. Statements are made by Dr. Anthony McDermott, UNHCR Spokesperson Sylvana Foa, an unidentified civilian woman, and New York writer Susan Sontag.

This broadcast features a short report by Tom Brokaw on a Bosnian Serb/Muslim mixed-marriage family's struggle to survive on a daily basis in Sarajevo. The family is followed as they search for food, water, and fuel for heating, among other things. The latter portion of the report focuses on how public utilities such as electricity, water, and gas are arbitrarily cut off as a means of warfare. The second part also features interviews with Radovan Karadzic, leader of the Bosnian Serbs, and Larry Hollingworth, UNHCR in Sarajevo, discussing the town of Vogosca, which had its energy supply cut off because of a Bosnian Serb arms factory located there.

August 19, 1993: Robert McNeil reports on the Geneva peace talks between Bosnia's warring factions. He states that even though the leaders of Croatia and Serbia, Franjo Tudjman and Slobodan Milosevic, were brought in to break a diplomatic dead lock, no progress has been made. There is also mention of the town of Mostar, where Bosnian Croat and Bosnian Muslim forces have been fighting over the town. The report states that a UN truck has managed to bring in medical supplies to a Bosnian Croat-held section of Mostar, but was unable to get into the sealed-off Bosnian Muslim quarter. The town has been cut off from the rest of the world for months, the report states.

Story of Serbian withdrawal from Mt. Igman and the revenge of retreating soldiers. The Skiing venue from the 1984 Olympics burns in the background while soldiers play cards. Many military personnel are present.

Robert McNeil reports on the Geneva peace talks between Bosnia's warring factions. He states that even though the leaders of Croatia and Serbia, Franjo Tudjman and Slobodan Milosevic, were brought in to break a diplomatic dead lock, no progress has been made. There is also mention of the town of Mostar, where Bosnian Croat and Bosnian Muslim forces have been fighting over the town. The report states that a UN truck has managed to bring in medical supplies to a Bosnian Croat-held section of Mostar, but was unable to get into the sealed-off Bosnian Muslim quarter. The town has been cut off from the rest of the world for months, the report states

TV spot

Regards Serbian terrorism in Croatia. The first ten minutes is historical, covering the period from WWII to the present. The second ten minutes contains some very graphic footage. English narration by actor Martin Sheen.

30" TV spot taken from tape BA081

Portrait of Slobodan Milosevic and Mirjana "Mira" Markovic, the Serbian leader and his politically powerful wife, by Phil Rees, investigative journalist and narrator. The film analyzes the following:
- their lives in Pozarevac, Serbia, where they first met
- the characters of Milosevic and Markovic, through interviews with friends and acquaintances
- their relationship while students in Belgrade
- Markovic's past and character
- the chronology of Milosevic's rise through the ranks of the Communist Party under the wing of his mentor and friend Ivan Stambolic.
- Milosevic's initial trip to Kosovo Polje in April 1987 and rise to power
- Kosovo autonomy revoked in 1989
- Markovic's political party JUL and her influence on Milosevic
- regional elections in 1997 (?) and the months of protests in Belgrade and their effect on the Zajedno coalition.
- how Milosevic maintains power through the continuing external crises: the wars of the former Yugoslavia, the Dayton Peace Agreement, and the NATO bombing.
Interviews with Dusan Mitevic, former Director of TV Belgrade; Ivan Stambolic, former President of Serbia; Slavko Curuvija, murdered journalist and newspaper editor; Seska Stanojlovic, former high school colleague in Pozarevac; Nebojsa Popov, Communist Party Member and Belgrade University colleague; Miroslav Solevic, Serbian Nationalist Leader; Nebojsa Covic, former Mayor of Belgrade; Zoran Djindzic, Opposition leader and former Mayor of Belgrade; Vuk Draskovic, Opposition leader and former Deputy Prime Minister; Milo Djukanovic, President of Montenegro; and Bishop Artemije, Serbian Orthodox Church, are all featured.

Dr. Kresimir Raguz and Dr. Darko Kraljic, natives of Slavonski Brod, record the bombings and the resulting destruction of the infrastructure of Slavonski Brod. They also document various surgeries conducted on injured civilians in Bosanski Brod. This tape contains graphic pictures of war injuries. Footage included: patients being housed in the basement of the hospital, the bodies of dead children, and extensive pictures of war surgeries.

Interview with Sonia Hagel, nurse at Century City Hospital from Los Angeles regarding the sick in Bosnia and Croatia and her attempts to transfer the most difficult cases to USA for treatment.

Phil Alden Robinson, director of "Field of Dreams" and "Sneakers," was invited to Bosnia by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. He joined a Danish convoy from Metkovic, in southern Croatia, traveled to Vitez and then to Sarajevo. He tells of the daily newspaper Oslobodjenje which has not missed a day of publishing despite the siege. He also tells of the anti-war musical "Hair," performed daily, and how the residents of Sarajevo risk their lives to attend this theater production. An interview with Phil Alden Robinson is also featured in the second half of the program.

This report documents two war crimes which have occurred in Croatia and which are being investigated by the IWCT. So far, 3,500 people have been killed in 20 separate atrocities, the report states. The analysis begins by detailing a mass execution of 24 Serbs from the Gospic area by Croat soldiers. After their snow-covered bodies were found near the frontlines, autopsies were performed by army pathologist Dr. Zoran Stankovic. Croatia's government acknowledged the killings, but claimed that they were carried out by renegade soldiers. The report shows pre-war pictures of several killed Serbs, focusing on Gospic deputy prosecutor Djordje Kalen and his wife Mirjana. Their two sons, Bosko and Drasko, are interviewed stating that they cannot comprehend that fellow town folk murdered their parents. Also shown is a pre-war picture of company lawyer Stank Smiljanic, whose wife Milica gives a statement. A statement is made by Dr. Zoran Stankovic. Footage of the burned bodies is included, as well as amateur footage of a Serb soldier who found the bodies near the frontline. The second part of the report details the war crime at Luvas, Croatia, where 50 Croat men were forced to walk over a minefield by Serb forces (what forces?). The bodies of the 18 men who were killed are presumed to be buried along with 122 other villagers, allegedly killed by the Serbs, in a mass grave near the Catholic cemetery. Two men, Stefan Peulic and Ivica Filic (sp), survived. Stefan Peulic was badly wounded after stepping on a mine. Ivica Filic logged the names of 67 friends and neighbors he helped bury. The report then explains that those names are all input into a UN database, where they will be used in the trials of war criminals. Ljubljana, Slovenia, has been chosen as the first choice for where the Tribunal trials can be conducted, but a definite date can not be set while the war is in progress.

Excerpts from broadcast television accounts of violations of international humanitarian law in the former Yugoslavia. Professor Bassiouni gives an introduction. Excerpts from various tapes, providing an excellent overview of conflict, including interviews with survivors and witnesses of massacres; and footage of camps, the excavation of mass grave sites, refugees, and Arkan and his troops in action.

An edited version of Prof. Bassiouni's tape (OSA #71).

Somewhat historical. Short clips of devastation, refugees fleeing en masse, bodies, etc. Footage of Dubrovnik (ITN), Vuk Draskovic, Slobodan Milosevic, and the Slovenian delegation leading the 14th Congress of the Communist Party,

American woman visits Interview with women living in old German railway cars in Croatia. Some accounts of atrocities committed against family or friends. Potential witnesses present. People living in. Gasinci refugee camp. German and Holland Red Cross provided housing for people who used to live in tents. Interviews.

Daniel Shifer, a philosopher/humanist from Milan, speaks of Serb frustrations: they are liberating prisoners and want peace, but the Muslims and Croats are not cooperating. Aliya Selimagic, a Bosnian Muslim soldier, talks of slaughtering and raping many civilians under orders.

The first 19 minutes is about the city's origin and history up to the 1984 Olympics, before the war came unexpectedly in April 1992. Latterly includes footage of cultural and civil destruction.

This program focuses on cultural destruction in Bosnia and Herzegovina and, in particular, the Muslim heritage, structure, and monuments. The destruction of mosques and other buildings in Sarajevo is shown, as well as pre-war images of Sarajevo. Footage from the town of Foca is also included, showing civilian houses burning, destroyed buildings, and several mosques prior to their destruction. Footage from other Bosnian towns, such as Mostar, Zvornik, and Bijeljina, is also included. Images from TV BiH and HTV are used. Images of civilians fleeing are also shown. 00:16:30:06—Minaret in Foca being fired at (HTV), shots after explosion; shots of burning villages.

In this report, Phil Alden Robinson, an American filmmaker, tours Sarajevo with Ferida Durakovic, a children's author and a poet. Ferida talks about how the war has changed her life and reflects on her pre-war lifestyle. Ferida talks about a concert hall where a children's play, based on her story, was staged before the war, now destroyed by Serb pounding. She describes how she feels about the destruction of the National Library, how she overcame the fear of being shot, how Sarajevans gather food and water, and how she does her laundry, as well as maintaining her hygiene without electricity and water. Ferida also talks of death as being so "undignified and ugly" in Sarajevo.

Snippet of footage taken near Vukovar and the mass grave at Ovcara. (At the beginning also contains OSA #78)

Bill Tribe, a British professor, who taught at Sarajevo University for 26 years, returns to Sarajevo after an absence of 4 months to see how its people are living under the siege, meanwhile trying to rescue his family, especially his son-in-law. Tribe brings pictures of his new grandson to his son-in-law, Samir, who has not seen his wife since she was evacuated to England at the beginning of the war. Tribe tells of Nikola Koljevic, a former colleague of his who became a high-ranking Bosnian Serb nationalist, as well as how he sought out medical attention from Radovan Karadzic, a practicing psychiatrist at the time. He recalls the initial shots of the war fired on April 5 when hundreds of Sarajevans gathered to protest against the proposal by the Serbian Democratic Party to partition the country, and the Miskina Street massacre, among other events.

Several scholars and experts from Britain, some of them of Yugoslavian descent, provide brief comments and opinions related to the history of the former Yugoslavia and its peoples: Serbs, Croats, and Muslims. Scholars include Stevan Pavlowitch (University of South Hampton), Noel Malcolm (Daily Telegraph), Chris Cviic (Royal Institute of International Affairs), Zoran Pajic (Universities of Sarajevo and Essex), Mark Wheeler (School of Slavonic and East European Studies), and Bojan Bujic (University of Oxford). Archival images and footage are shown, including drawings of historical events accompanying the commentaries.

George Soros, President of the Open Society Foundation, speaks about the situation in Sarajevo and other so-called "Safe Areas" in Bosnia, as well as the current activities of his foundation in Sarajevo. Mr. Soros warns of a human catastrophe of devastating magnitude in Bosnia. He also explains the implications of the West's failure to intervene in Bosnia, offering reasons for an intervention. Mr. Soros explains the doctrine of ethnic state, the dangers associated with it, and the role that "open societies" should play to prevent these dangers. He also assesses the situation of Eastern Europe after the collapse of Communism and the Soviet Empire, and presents his own policy recommendations.

Dusan Makavejev, a filmmaker and citizen of the "leftovers of the former Yugoslavia," provides his perspective on the war in his country. Makavejev speaks of love, life, death, and the loss of a common future for people in the former Yugoslavia. Makavejev describes warlords, seen ruling regions throughout the former Yugoslavia, and compares them with Tito and his style of authority. Makavejev explains nationalist forces with an analogy of characters from "Cat People," a Hollywood film produced in the 1940s. Excerpts from patriotic video spots produced by Croatian Television and documentaries such as, "Greetings from Croatia," "Serbian Epics," and "The War" are also included.

This program features parents searching for their dead children, refugee camps, tales of rape, and general maltreatment. The stories told are divided into four segments. Part one focuses on the story of Desa and Ilja, a middle-aged couple in search of their young son who was murdered. Part two focuses on a refugee camp in Zagreb where 600,000 Muslims and Croats have fled to, interviewing them about what they have endured. Muslim and Croat women tell of beatings, rape, and torture by Serbian soldiers in Bosnia. Part three features historical footage and more graphic accounts of atrocities. In Part four troops return from battle. Graphic footage is shown throughout the film.

Sarajevo under siege is the central focus of this broadcast, with specific emphasis on the psychological damage caused by war. People are shown in mental hospitals and interviews are held with psychiatrists. A montage of images showing Sarajevo burning and being bombed is featured, as well as Radovan Karadzic, leader of the Bosnian Serbs, filmed in the hills above Sarajevo commending soldiers with artillery and rifle scopes set on Sarajevo. Among the people shown, some suffer from severe psychological damage from the war, ranging from soldiers off the front line to working professionals and civilians of all ages. Bomb shelter footage is also shown, showing the effects of the prolonged time spent there.

No description available.

This broadcast reports on rape as a strategic and methodical tactic of war in the former Yugoslavia and its effect on Muslim women, the main victims of this type of war crime in Bosnia. The gynecological clinic in Zenica is focused on, highlighting its role as a center for the termination of unwanted pregnancies due to rape in the surrounding regions. Doctors from the clinic, rape victims, and Imams are all interviewed, showing the effect of rape on the Bosnian society, and, specifically, the Bosnian Muslim views on rape and abortion. The victims featured range from young to old and are almost entirely Muslim.

The report focuses on a newly-independent Slovenia and its attempts to join Europe. The report analyzes the political situation of Slovenia after its independence from Yugoslavia. It particularly analyzes the numerous political parties. The question of the 60,000 refugees is addressed, as well as the fishing rights and Kopar harbor dispute between Slovenia and Croatia. Interviewed are the new leaders of Slovene public life. Bozo Kovac, chief editor of the daily "Republika," talks about freedom of the press and occasional political pressure. He further states that Slovenia must privatize herself in order to attract foreign capital. Rade Serbedzija, a Serb actor born in Croatia, chose Slovenia as his new home. He talks about being politically hunted in Serbia and Croatia to the point of his life being threatened. He explains that Slovenia successfully escaped from the Balkan hell. Zmago Jelincic, leader of the Slovenian National Party discusses the need for Slovenia to be ethnically clean. He compares Slovenia to Austria which, as he states, has had a policy of extricating foreigners. The wife of Momir Kandic, a Slovene, talks about her husband who was forced to leave Slovenia for four years because he refused to give up his Serbian citizenship. Milan Kucan, President of Slovenia, reflects on the Kucan case, stating that the law required everyone in the JNA (Yugoslav army) to leave their positions and renounce their Serbian citizenship in order to remain Slovenian citizens. Kucan gives an optimistic account about Slovenia's future. He sees the need for Slovenia's political parties to work together on taking care of solvable problems in the economy and society. He states that companies have to restructure themselves if they want to participate in the world market. The leader of the Styria Christian Democrats talks about the desire of the Styria Province to separate themselves economically from Slovenia. Remaining footage: Slovene dailies and "Republika" publishing agency, refugees in Slovenia, meeting between Franjo Tudjman (Croatia's president) and Milan Kucan (Slovenia's president), people gathering in the street around the Slovenian National Party booth, Momir Kandic family, and commercials for the Liberal Democratic Party and the Slovenian National Party.

Report discusses upcoming elections in Serbia (1993). The focus is on the Serbian opposition, in particular on Vuk Draskovic, leader of DEPOS (coalition of Serbian opposition parties), and his election campaign in Southern Serbia. The report shows the broad support Draskovic has throughout Serbia, even though a protest by Milosevic supporters is staged at the Grdelica [village] meeting. Several interviews are conducted with supporters of Draskovic. Dragan Stojanovic, a farmer in the impoverished Dadince village, claims that Milosevic made numerous promises which were not fulfilled. He states that life in Dadince has always been hard, but that it has gotten worse in the post-Tito era. Stojanovic talks about the Milosevic propaganda system responsible for the spreading of rumors that Draskovic is a thief. He gives an account of how teachers are distributing posters to their students in support of Milosevic which they are to hold up during a rally. He also talks about how the information blockade and the Tito-era has made people very skeptic towards politicians. The report then talks about life in Bosiljegrad, a town with a large Bulgarian minority, where unemployment is very high, and people are generally afraid of Milosevic. An unidentified man states that there is no future for young people, even those that are educated. Another unidentified man states that the war is eating up all the money and wrecking the economy. He further says that there are generally no incentives for investment and a feeling of general hopelessness presides over the future. Vuk Draskovic is briefly interviewed towards the end of the report. He talks about his expectations for the new year, hoping it will bring about prosperity and a dialogue between Yugoslavia's former republics. Footage of Draskovic support among the people is presented, as well as of Draskovic lighting candles in the Grdelica church and having a snowball fight. There is also footage of impoverished village life in Dadince.

No description available

Report discusses upcoming elections in Serbia (1993). The focus is on the Serbian opposition, in particular on Vuk Draskovic, leader of DEPOS (coalition of Serbian opposition parties), and his election campaign in Southern Serbia. The report shows the broad support Draskovic has throughout Serbia, even though a protest by Milosevic supporters is staged at the Grdelica [village] meeting. Several interviews are conducted with supporters of Draskovic. Dragan Stojanovic, a farmer in the impoverished Dadince village, claims that Milosevic made numerous promises which were not fulfilled. He states that life in Dadince has always been hard, but that it has gotten worse in the post-Tito era. Stojanovic talks about the Milosevic propaganda system responsible for the spreading of rumors that Draskovic is a thief. He gives an account of how teachers are distributing posters to their students in support of Milosevic which they are to hold up during a rally. He also talks about how the information blockade and the Tito-era has made people very skeptic towards politicians. The report then talks about life in Bosiljegrad, a town with a large Bulgarian minority, where unemployment is very high, and people are generally afraid of Milosevic. An unidentified man states that there is no future for young people, even those that are educated. Another unidentified man states that the war is eating up all the money and wrecking the economy. He further says that there are generally no incentives for investment and a feeling of general hopelessness presides over the future. Vuk Draskovic is briefly interviewed towards the end of the report. He talks about his expectations for the new year, hoping it will bring about prosperity and a dialogue between Yugoslavia's former republics. Footage of Draskovic support among the people is presented, as well as of Draskovic lighting candles in the Grdelica church and having a snowball fight. There is also footage of impoverished village life in Dadince.

Report talks about the freedom of speech in Croatian media. There is a plethora of newspapers which all serve various interests. Many journalists were fired after the HDZ (ruling party in Croatia) came to power; their colleagues suspect it was because they were former communists. The report also talks about the HDZ losing power to new opposition parties which serve various interest groups. Opposition parties are very small, generally serve various interest groups, and are in constant disagreements. Croatia is experiencing deep economic divisions and many minorities fear Croatian nationalism. The question of personal ID and minority discrimination is also discussed. The economy is further burdened by the 700,000 Bosnian refugees. Interviews are conducted with Franjo Tudjman, Drazen Budisa, Marinko Bozic, Ruza Jokic, Milan Djukic, and several other civilians. Franjo Tudjman, Croatia's president, states that many newspapers criticize him and his party, but that nothing happens to the journalists. He states that the people who write those articles are journalists who used to work for the old communist newspapers. Marinko Bozic, a journalist, states that Croatian TV is heavily censored. Bozic also notes that TV has helped HDZ get into power and win the election. Furthermore, this TV censorship has damaged Croatia's image in the world, Bozic explains. Several passersby are interviewed, giving brief opinions about Croatia. Overall, they state that the political structure has changed, and that Croatia is working towards democracy and on a road to success. Drazen Budisa, a member of the Croat Social Liberal Party, states that the HDZ is not what it used to be and that people are showing support for other parties. Ruza Jokic, a Serb by nationality, gives an account of having her Croat citizenship taken away without any explanation. She talks about the difficulty of not having ID papers. Milan Djukic, a member of the Serbian Democratic Party, explains the problem of minority discrimination in the acquisition of personal ID papers. He states that it is not the government who discriminates, but that low-ranking clerks use their position to discriminate against minorities. He believes that this must end as Croatia's goal is not to create a state of terror, but that of democracy. Footage of Bosnian refugees, streets of Zagreb, people waiting in line, Zagreb newsstands, and a cabaret performance are available.

Report talks about living conditions in Sarajevo one year after the war. It contains very strong footage of human suffering endured in Sarajevo. The UN is portrayed as ineffective in helping the people, because they are forced to spend more time defending themselves than delivering aid. The report contains extensive footage of the war, showing wounded and killed children in hospitals, people collecting branches to warm themselves, people cooking outside, Muslim women fighters, a secret amunition fabric, and individuals running through the streets.

This report outlines the efforts to rebuild the town of Pakrac after the end of the war in Croatia. Pakrac's ethnic composition of Serbs and Croats is outlined, citing how UN officials managed to establish a dialogue between both sides, allowing for some 4,000 refugees to return to their homes. UN Project Leader Dr. Michael Platzer is interviewed about the project, and he emphasizes that mutual distrust must be done away with. He also asserts the UN's readiness to assist local people in rebuilding their homes, and claims that all that is needed is a firm political agreement allowing refugees to return. The report explains that during the war, Croat forces managed to ethnically cleanse 170 Serb villages in Western Slavonija. In his interview, Veljko Dzakula, of the Serbian Regional Counsel, explains that the primary goal is for all people to be able to return to their homes. He further states that war criminals need to be removed from Pakrac and West Slavonija in general; and, finally, that a political dialogue needs to be established between all the people living in Pakrac. However, he states, this dialogue must happen outside of the state because there have been no guarantees that Serbs can live safely in Croatia. The report then shows a wedding of Serbs guest workers in Pakrac. Next interviewed is Franjo Sirac, Croat vice-mayor of Pakrac, who explains that Pakrac was a cultural center before the war, and that during the war 90% of the infrastructure was destroyed. He states that it was destroyed by the Serb army who wanted Pakrac to be the capital of the Western Krajina. The report gives a detailed analysis of all the reconstruction going on in Pakrac. As stated in the report, few civilians have the finances necessary to rebuild their homes; the reconstruction of public buildings, such as the local fire station, middle school, and train station is financially backed by the UN. One of the construction foremen interviewed outlines the locals' goal rebuilding every building in Pakrac, but that the priority is to rebuild schools, nurseries, and the hospital. The report states that reconstruction of the town would be significantly faster if more financial backing was available. Other footage included: destroyed houses and public buildings in Pakrac, pictures of the residents, destroyed hospital rooms, people stacking building blocks, and a destroyed apartment building.

This program features parents searching for their dead children, refugee camps, and tales of rape and general maltreatment. The stories told are divided into four segments. Part one focuses on the story of Desa and Ilja, a middle-aged couple in search of their young son who was murdered. Part two focuses on a refugee camp in Zagreb which 600,000 Muslims and Croats have fled to, interviewing them about what they have endured. Muslim and Croat women tell of beatings, rape, and torture by Serbian soldiers in Bosnia. Part three features historical footage and more graphic accounts of atrocities. In Part four troops return from battle. Graphic footage is shown throughout the film.

This program shows how the residents of Sarajevo survive in the besieged city without electricity, water, or food. The program features travel tips for those who might find themselves on their way to Sarajevo. The residents explain how to get around town safely, how to save water, how to do your own home brewing, how to get to the theater on time, how to profit from the war, the new cuisine of Sarajevo, how to save electricity, and alternative forms of medicine.

This report focuses on the story of Rada Kovacevic, a Bosnian Serb refugee living in London. Her husband, Zoran, and she, both Serbs, were childhood sweethearts from the same village. They were married at age 18. Rada's husband and children were murdered. The murder was allegedly committed by the Muslim "black shirts" from the neighboring village. Rada could no longer stay in Bosnia and fled to London, hoping she'd be able to meet with her brother in New York, but could not get a visa to go to the U.S. Rada reflects on her life as hopeless because her husband and children were murdered.

This tape contains two refugee stories and a WGN report. The first one is told by Muhamed, a Bosnian Muslim, who describes how the war ruptured an extensive friendship between him and his Bosnian Serb friend, Vinko Kondic. Mohammed explains that both he and his Bosnian Muslim friend Omer were taken to Manjaca camp by their Bosnian Serb friend. He states his friend Omer suffered regular beatings and was eventually killed at the camp. Mohammed states that Vinko visited the camp and knew what was happening to Omer. The second refugee story is told by Veljko Gavric, a Bosnian Serb married to a Bosnian Croat woman. He talks about leaving Sarajevo with his family knowing that they will not be able to go back again. While watching the news, he saw his apartment building burn. He also talks about his daughter Ivana and her gift for music, and how the family has adjusted to life in England. Footage of a burning apartment building in Sarajevo, and photos of Gavric family. The WGN report briefly states that De Paul University students are assisting law professor Cherif Bassiouni in tracking war crimes committed in the former Yugoslavia. The evidence will be presented to the UN for use in the Hague Tribunal.

This refugee story is told by Veljko Gavric, a Bosnian Serb married to a Bosnian Croat woman. He talks about leaving Sarajevo with his family and the knowledge that they will not be able to go back again. He also talks about his daughter Ivana and her gift for music, and how the family has adjusted to life in England. Footage available: a burning apartment building in Sarajevo, and family photos of Ivana's birthdays.

A brief discussion of De Paul's IHRLI project and its continuing efforts in dealing with the crisis in the former Yugoslavia.

Conflict in Yugoslavia seen as a religious war, with systematic destruction of sacral objects. Catholic priests, nuns and civilian victims from Mostar surroundings are interviewed. This tape is an emotional and religious piece but with some interesting military images.

Four Public Service Commercials for Peace in Bosnia.

The broadcast focuses on the psychological effects of war on Sarajevo's children. Through the children's drawings depicting the war, the reporter shows how the children react to the daily trauma of the war. Children are also shown playing war games and doing chores alongside their families, such as obtaining water daily. The latter portion of the broadcast discusses dissension within the U.S. State Department regarding the Balkans, showing former State Department workers criticizing their former senior officials. The report shows a contrast between the official line and actual events taking place in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Chicago TV station interviews Professor Bassiouni about how he is collecting evidence to prove war crimes were committed. The war room at IHRLI is seen, with some war scenes intercut with the interview.

This program explains how the relationships between Muslim and Catholic/Croat families changed when war came to their village near Kiseljak, Bosnia, where they used to coexist peacefully. At first, Muslims were united with Croats in defense of their village against the Serb aggression. The program then shows how the increasing nationalism fueled Catholics/Croats to turn against Muslims. This program examines the effect of this conflict on human relationships: families and friendships. It shows how families became divided and neighbors became enemies. Images shown include men on the frontlines, women praying in a mosque, Kiseljak under Croat control, and people fleeing.

This program examines how the Western allies failed to bring an end to the war in the Balkans. Diplomatic efforts, including the London Conference, Lord Carrington's proposal and the failure of the Vance/Owen plan, are discussed by major political figures who were involved. "The Western peace emissaries discovered that the old communist mentality and apparatus live on in the former Yugoslavia and that deception has a pivotal role, thus they misread the aims and the tactics of Balkan politicians." Images shown: Vukovar, Dubrovnik (ITN), Sarajevo, Gorazde, Trnopolje, Bosanski Brod, Mladic, destroyed mosques, Knin, Srebrenica, Ahmici, and Milosevic and Tudjman having a drink together.

This documentary presents an overview of events in former Yugoslavia that led to the outbreak of war. From political maneuvering by Serbian politicians within the Yugoslav federation, to the ultimate secession of Slovenia and Croatia, the steps to war are retraced. The program explores the historical events that led to the formation of Yugoslavia, including archival footage from both the pre-WWI and WWII eras (the same footage is seen in tape 287). Tito's unique formation of Yugoslavia is focused on, showing how nationalism rose in the wake of his death, beginning with events in Kosovo and Slovenia. The breakdown of the Yugoslav federation is then detailed step by step, featuring interviews with the leading politicians from Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia, and Kosovo recalling the events. The documentary shows how Milosevic revoked Kosovo's autonomy and the subsequent protests and strikes that followed. Slovenia's bid for independence shortly thereafter is then highlighted, detailing the Yugoslav federal authority's failed attempt to prevent secession by use of the JNA. Political and social conditions of the republics are chronicled from around the time war breaks.

This program offers insights into the different aspects of life in the besieged city of Sarajevo. Excerpts from several films produced by SAGA, a Sarajevo production company producing films about the siege of Sarajevo, are shown. Interviews with Ademir Kenovic (SAGA director), Hrvoje Batinic (Open Society Fund), John Burns (NY Times correspondent), Fred Cuny (Intertect, humanitarian aid consultant), Zdravko Grebo (Radio Zid), Tony Borden (Balkan War Report), Susan Sontag (author), and Zlatko Lavanic (film director) all provide individual perspectives on the siege of Sarajevo and the war.

This program emphasizes the multi-ethnic and multicultural character of Sarajevo and the efforts to defend it, in spite of the war. Excerpts from documentary films, promotional videos for the city's defenders and music clips produced by SAGA are included. Excerpts from a production of "Waiting for Godot," directed by American author Susan Sontag, are shown. Statements by Nedzad Begovic (film director), Ivica Puljic (journalist), Tony Borden, Hrvoje Batinic, Fred Cuny (Intertect), Mirza Idrizovic (film director), Ademir Kenovic, Francois Luner (film director), Abdulah Sidran (Bosnian poet), John Burns, and Susan Sontag are also included.

The destruction of the town of Vinkovci. A Croatian TV production tracing the history of the shelling in and around Vinkovci through fourteen cease-fires from July 1991, to New Year's day, 1992. Much civil and cultural destruction. Destruction of hospital shown, the pediatric ward being a favorite target of snipers.

This film, produced by the Islamic Relief organization, focuses on Bosnian Muslim women. The role and character of Muslim women in Bosnia are both explored, including the ways the war has changed their lives. The report states that the Bosnian Muslim women became a target for abuse because to hurt a woman represents the greatest injury in Muslim culture. The emotional scarring left behind by rape is highlighted throughout. It is explained that Bosnia is the only place where Islam, Orthodox Christianity, and Catholicism are highly intertwined. The early days and months of the war are described as having been the worst for the Bosnian Muslim and Croat population. The Bosnian Muslim population is explained to have suffered by being reduced to refugee camps, after living a life of wealth where they owned houses and numerous livestock. Statements are made by four women, all with their identities concealed, telling of direct rape and abuse. The first woman describes a drunk JNA commander entering her house and ordering her to go to the bedroom. The second woman tells of a young mother who was raped by four Chetniks. The third woman describes the rape she and her four-year-old daughter endured. The fourth woman describes being threatened with a knife and then being raped by four Bosnian Serb soldiers. The fifth woman tells of young girls being systematically raped by drunk Bosnian Serb soldiers, and a sixth woman talks about her inability to comprehend the ethnic hatred, and about being raped in a camp. Three young girls also give testimonies of how their relatives and parents were beaten by Bosnian Serb soldiers. The first girl tells of her house being destroyed by a grenade and being taken up by UNPROFOR soldiers. The second girls talks about her grandfather and her mother being beaten. The third girl talks about her father being beaten (at Ramiz Raganovic's house) and killed. A man is shown admitting to committing rape under the influence of alcohol. A Bosnian Muslim man explains that Bosnians will stand by their women regardless of what has happened. Dr. Yusuf Al Qardawi, an Imam, offers insight into Islam's view on raped women. He also explains the role of the whole Islamic community in regard to helping raped women. Other footage included: mosques in Bosnia, Bosnian Muslim women walking through a forest, civilians running from shelling, destroyed mosques, JNA planes dropping bombs, burning and destroyed buildings, the breadline massacre, women running with children, Bosnian Muslim funerals, refugees getting off trucks, a Bosnian Muslim refugee camp, Bosnian Muslim prayer service, Bosnian Serb soldiers singing, Bosnian Serb soldiers (Chetniks) marching, and various scenes of destruction in Sarajevo.

This program opens and closes with a brief promo for Islamic Relief and Mercy International, explaining where donations can be sent. The main thrust of the video is to examine the origins of the Islamic religion and culture in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Ottoman Empire. This is accomplished using paintings and drawings. As the story progresses, it utilizes archival footage and photographs to illustrate attempts made to eliminate the Muslim population. There is a lot of discussion about resistance to an Islamic nation in Europe. Current footage includes discussion with Muslim rape victims, including a story of forced incest; Muslim men suffering from severe malnutrition in prison camps; people fleeing their homes; homes and towns being destroyed; and mothers crying. The question of there being a lack of support from other Islamic nations to help those Muslims still living in Bosnia and Herzegovina is also discussed.

Footage taken in Sarajevo on October 6, 1993, of mountains, the street where the Breadline Massacre occurred, a stadium cemetery, property damage, and a camp at Obunjan (Mladost) Island.

An examination of the roots of the conflict, the role of UN and NATO, and possible solutions to end the war.

U.S. Ambassador to the UN Madeleine Albright speaks in support of UN Resolution 101095; and Aerial photos of recently-disturbed earth near Kasaba Konjevic Polje, Bosnia, from July 1995.

This program consists of testimonies by Bosnian Muslim survivors of ethnic cleansing and victims of rape, accompanied by statements by Alija Izetbegovic (President of Bosnia), Jakub Selimoski (head of the Islamic Community in the former Yugoslavia), an injured Bosnian soldier, Dr. Hukovic (an historian), and a local writer. Selimoski talks about the consequences of the conflict—a conflict he defines as Serbian aggression—and the destruction of Islamic cultural heritage in Bosnia. Dr. Hukovic attempts to explain the history of Islam in Bosnia and the genocide of Muslim people. Izetbegovic talks about the tradition of religious tolerance in Bosnia and his concerns that Muslims will vanish due to the war. Sfinga & Slovenia Television/Bosna Studio.

Footage of UN soldiers walking around grass fields and sitting on tanks. The second section shows several corpses arranged next to one another on the ground outside a building.

A delegation of women including representatives from the UN Conference on Human Rights in Vienna went to refugee camps in Zagreb, and speeches were given. Tape 1 of 2.

A delegation of women including representatives from the UN Conference on Human Rights in Vienna went to refugee camps in Zagreb, and speeches were given. Tape 2 of 2.

German TV host talks about the need for the UN and the irony of the war in the former Yugoslavia. A reporter in Chicago goes to the war room at IHRLI where he talks about the database and speaks briefly with Professor Bassiouni.

A delegation of six women, sponsored by the Foundation for Compassionate Society, is sent to the Spansko Refugee Camp, near Zagreb, on a fact-finding mission. The delegation interviewed women—Muslim refugees from Bosnia—who were expelled from their homes, primarily by Bosnian Serbs. Women talk about their losses, pain and suffering, their current situation in the refugee camp in Croatia, and their children's future. The resentment of Muslim refugees in Croatia is also discussed. Gregoria Rodriguez's speech in Texas about her trip to Croatia and the situation of Bosnian women in refugee camps is detailed.

This material was shot in Sarajevo, throughout the war, by professional filmmakers, students of Sarajevo Academy of Film and Theater, and unknown amateurs. "Their mutual desire is to present the events they witnessed," write the SaGA authors. The material was produced under extremely difficult conditions, while the city was besieged and under continuous bombardment, without electric power, food, or water. Most of the works presented in this tape are works in progress. "These are pictures of love, courage, despair, and crime," write SaGA authors. "25 Years of Ignorance (1968–1992)" by Zdravko Grebo. By Hakija Hadzafic, Bojan Mulic, Sulejman Klokoci, Bogoljub Nikolic, Miso V. Dijak and Zdravko Grebo. Produced by Zid in 1992 (8 minutes). "Eight Years After" by Ademir Kenovic and Nino Zalica. Produced in July 1992 by TVBiH & SaGA (11 minutes). "I Burned Legs (Palio sam noge)" by Srdjan Vuletic. Produced in June 1992 and March 1993. By Almir Kenovic, Ismet Bektasevic, Emir Ferizovic, Daniela Gogic, Oliver Todorovic, Ahmed Imamovic, Nino Zalica, and Srdjan Vuletic. This film deals with the attrocities of war as portrayed by a film student who spends some time working as a medic. One of the duties he performed was to carry amputated limbs to the cremation furnace. This is a film about the collective madness that engulfed Sarajevo. A one-armed boy is troubled because he can't make big, firm snowballs; a man who lost both legs demonstrates walking on his stumps... The film and the director's story help us understand the commotion and tumult that have occurred in the minds of Sarajevans (11 minutes). "Shooting at the wounded at "Socijalno" Junction. Produced by TVBiH, May 14, 1992. Recorded by Muharem Osmanagic, Sulejman Eengic, and Tomo Maric. Music video follows this segment. "A Man Called Boat (Camac)" by Pjer Zalica. Produced by SaGA in July 1992 (9 min). This documentary recounts the story of a young man who deserts the special unit of the JNA and walks the distance from Belgrade to Sarajevo hoping to join the resistance to the aggression of the very army he left and in whose fold he spent five years of his youth. He is apprehended with the threat of being killed. With the help of a friend, "Boat," he escapes the military prison where he was held in captivity. On his way to Sarajevo he crosses a river on the Bosnian border, makes an incredible journey through the occupied territories before finally accomplishing his goal: coming to Sarajevo and joining the resistance. "Fasizam 1992 - Fascism in 1992" by Nedim Loncarevic, produced by TV BiH in September 1992. This film compares Serb aggression against Bosnia and Herzegovina with Nazi crimes during WWII through a plethora of both contemporary and historic images of destruction and crimes against humanity, which feature background music, but no narration. "Poljubac Smrti, BiH 1992 (Kiss of Death, BiH 1992)": video clip features Bosnia's many political, military, and religious leaders shaking hands and kissing over a pop song about the first and the only true love. "Water and Blood Sarajevo 1993," produced by SaGA in January 1993. "Message for my Friends (Mojim prijateljima)" by Zlatko Lavanic. Produced in February 1993 by SaGA. This short film is a kind of "personal message" from director Zlatko Lavanic to his friends who left Sarajevo. This film, recorded in five shots, shows in subtle way the state of mind of a person from Sarajevo, the destroyed city.

The footage in this film was recorded on May 14, 1992, and produced by TV BiH—it has no dialogue. The footage shows the attack on a civilian truck and attempts by the occupants to escape. Parts of this footage are seen in many other tapes, but this is the original and complete footage. "Socijalno," Elektroprivreda, and Vodoprivreda buildings are shown burning. Benefit video/recording for Sarajevo by recording artist with a video clip at the end.
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- "My Mother the Shehit (Moja mama Sehit)" by Denis Tanovic and Dino Mustafic. Produced in 1992. A story about a boy whose mother was killed as a fighter defending Sarajevo. The boy takes a rose from the garden his mother worked on and brings it to her grave; but when he returns to the grave, the rose is no longer there. Through the sad confession of the boy we meet the people of his environment—his grandfather, grandmother, aunt, and friends; as well as his mother's collegues, and other fighters—who bring warmth and love to the boy in these cruel times. The film is followed by a video spot with music accompanied by lyrics from Bosnian poet Aleksa Santic (16 minutes).
- "War Art" by Nedzad Begovic, produced in March 1993 (10 minutes).
Nedzad Begovic's exhibition entitled WAR ART was created by collecting various materials that have lost their primary function as a result of war operations. All exhibits have a "history" of their own and are the result of the destruction of Sarajevo. The author recognizes shapes in the destroyed objects and presents them as ARTE FACT, transforming the negative energy of crime into the positive vibrations of human spirituality.
- Video montage featuring portraits of world renown pianist Ivo Pogorelic.
- "Ponesi Zastavu," music clip celebrating commander of special MUP units, Dragan Vikic. Performed by Mladen Vojicic-Tifa.
- "Wedding in Sarajevo (Vjencanje u Sarajevu)" by Milan Trivic, produced in August 1992, March 1993 by TVBiH/Video Press. Directed by Milan Trivic and Sasa Markanovic.
- "Ivo and Mersad in Sarajevo (Ivo i Mersad u Sarajevu)"
- "Travelling Children" by Nino Zalica, produced in February 1993.
- "Massacre in Vaso Miskin Street," produced by TVBiH, 27 May 1992.
- Music clip.
- "Sarajevo (1992)" by Mirza Idrizovic, produced by Saga and TVBiH in August 1992.

Immediate aftermath of a mortar attack on a busy street, with many civilian victims—the incident occurred on May 27, 1992. The wounded are loaded into cars and any other available vehicles. Parts of this footage are seen in many other tapes, but this is the original and complete footage. Please note that this footage has no dialogue, and is very graphic.
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- Short film: "Dessine Moi..." by Francois Lunel; produced in March 1993. Scenes from a Sarajevo hospital, intertwined with images of the shelling of Sarajevo. Focus on injured children. By Almir Kenovic, Pjer Zalica, Francois Lunel. (5 minutes)
- Music video: "Vojnik Srece" (Soldier of Fortune): video about the Republic of BiH MUP (Ministry of Interior) Special forces, produced in August 1992. (5 minutes)
- "Confessions of a Monster" by Ademir Kenovic & Ismet Arnautalic; produced in November 1992. I“Confessions Of A Monster” is a documentary film made in the fall of 1992 in a military prison in Sarajevo, where a group of journalists, including John Barnes of the New York Times, were introduced to Borislav Herak, a young man in JNA uniform, and the first person in fifty years to be charged with the crime of genocide. His confessions, full of intricate details, are almost unfathomable to the normal human mind, and paint a striking picture of the atrocities committed in Bosnia, usually described by the press using that specially-coined phrase “ethnic cleansing.”
By Pjer Zalica, Almir Kenovic, Nino Zalica, Mirsad Herovic, Ismet Arnautalic, and Ademir Kenovic. 29 minutes.
- "When Something Terrible Happens People Don't Wake Up" by Srdjan Vuletic, produced in April 1993.

This report looks into crimes committed by Bosnian Serbs against Bosnian Muslims in Foca. Also featured is a political discourse between the U.S. and British governments over their involvement in bringing war criminals from the former Yugoslavia to justice. Two Muslim women describe how they were raped in Foca. Statements are also included from Dzevad Loho (former Mayor of Foca), Cherif Bassiouni (UN Commission of Experts), Slobodan Milosevic (President of Serbia), Petar Cancar (Mayor of Foca), Velibor Ostojic (Minister of Information in the Republika Srpska), Madeleine Albright (U.S. Delegate to the UN), John Fox (U.S. State Department), Lawrence Eagleburger (former Secretary of State), Michael Scharf, (U.S. State Department), William Fenrick (UN Commission of Experts), and Zeljko Raznjatovic, aka "Arkan" (Serbian paramilitary leader).

An edited version of Prof. Bassiouni's tape.

This program gives a historical background and a visual account of the destruction of Bosnia's cities, cultural heritage, and people. Includes a discussion of the ethnic make-up of Bosnia, as well as a medley of TV reports that contain graphic scenes of massacres. Radovan Karadzic, leader of the Bosnian Serbs, is shown speaking in the Bosnian Parliament (October 1991). A BBC report from the Zvornik area details the expulsion of the Muslims by the Serbs. Sky News reports from Sarajevo during heavy pounding, including audio of Ratko Mladic, a Bosnian Serb General, ordering the shelling of Sarajevo. Also featured is footage of numerous massacres in Sarajevo; the physical destruction of Bosnian towns (Mostar, Foca, Gorazde); injured and murdered children; YUTEL footage of demonstrations in Sarajevo; JNA jets flying over Sarajevo; Arkan's paramilitary unit, the "Tigers," in Erdut; Karadzic on the hills above Sarajevo; movement of JNA trucks; and scenes from the Trnopolje and Manjaca prison camps.

This program gives a historical background and a visual account of the destruction of Bosnia's cities, cultural heritage, and people. Includes a discussion of the ethnic make-up of Bosnia, as well as a medley of TV reports that contain graphic scenes of massacres. Radovan Karadzic, leader of the Bosnian Serbs, is shown speaking in the Bosnian Parliament (October 1991). A BBC report from the Zvornik area details the expulsion of the Muslims by the Serbs. Sky News reports from Sarajevo during heavy pounding, including audio of Ratko Mladic, a Bosnian Serb General, ordering the shelling of Sarajevo. Also featured is footage of numerous massacres in Sarajevo; the physical destruction of Bosnian towns (Mostar, Foca, Gorazde); injured and murdered children; YUTEL footage of demonstrations in Sarajevo; JNA jets flying over Sarajevo; Arkan's paramilitary unit, the "Tigers," in Erdut; Karadzic on the hills above Sarajevo; movement of JNA trucks; and scenes from the Trnopolje and Manjaca prison camps.

David Martin, reporting for CBS, interviews Professor Bassiouni, and the staff and volunteers working in the war room. Covers what IHRLI is trying to do and what is involved in its efforts.

This program begins with the statement that more correspondents and reporters have lost their lives during 18 months of covering the conflict in the former Yugoslavia, than in the whole 14 years of the Vietnam war. Journalists from BBC Radio, Reuters, The Guardian, BBC TV, The Independent, the Daily Telegraph, CNN, The Observer, El Pais, ABC TV, and ITN TV explain difficulties associated with understanding and reporting on this complex conflict, including how journalists cope with the physical danger and the fear they encounter while working on their assignments.

Martin Burke talks to men and women, war photographers, about their experiences while covering war zones. Those interviewed: Ian Pritchard, BBC News; Sebastian Rich, ITN; Mohamed Amin, Visnews; Barry Fox, ABC News; David Greene, CBS News; and Nigel Thompson, ITN. Other conflicts besides the former Yugoslavia are shown.

Irish journalist Maggie O'Kane (The Guardian) analyzes the roots of the conflict in the former Yugoslavia. O'Kane examines Milosevic's rise to power, his role in the destruction of the Yugoslav federation, and his connection to paramilitary leaders Zeljko Raznjatovic, aka "Arkan," and Vojislav Seselj. O'Kane conducts research into the roots of the war in Bosnia and Serbia proper. Interviews are conducted with Desa Traveson (Belgrade correspondent for the London Times), Milos Vasic (journalist for the Belgrade independent "Vreme"), Bojan Stojanic (Serbian photographer), Arkan, Vojislav Seselj, Milan Panic, a Chetnik ("Duke" from Grbavica), and Slavko Lesic. Belgrade journalists describe how the Serbian media is influenced and controlled by politicians. Footage from Sarajevo, Kosovo, Serbian TV, and Vukovar is also included.

This program tells of the destruction of Mostar, and the Serb, Croat, and Muslim soldiers who are fighting together in the Bosnian Army for the right to live together as they did before the war.

Miloš Vasić, independent journalist at a radio station in Pancevo and correspondent of a Belgrade magazine Vreme, discusses the role of Serbian state-controlled media in the wars in Croatia and Bosnia. Vasic describes how the Serbian state-controlled media covered the Serbs' attack on Vukovar, and argues that the war would not be possible without this propaganda.

This video, produced by a videographer who lived in Sarajevo, documents the perpective of people in Sarajevo and their outlook while under siege. The documentary features footage recorded in Bosnia and Herzegovina between April and September 1992. It begins by giving a brief historical background of Bosnia, stressing the tradition of tolerance and peaceful coexistence over the centuries in Bosnia. The footage also includes scenes of pre-war Sarajevo in addition to those during the siege. Footage is also shown of Sarajevo monuments and mosques, the destruction in Mostar, (pictures of TVBiH, Konjic studio), and of the Sarajevo suburb Dobrinja.

Dobrinja, Sarajevo suburb, shelled by Serbian artillery. Interviews with soldiers and civilians.

Different music videos, interspersed with scenes of war.

Speeches at the Symposium on the Bosnian Bill of Rights held at Ouachita Baptist University. No additional visuals.

Conversation and discussion between people in Sarajevo and in Paris giving a realistic version of life in Sarajevo today: despair, horror, heartbreak, and the incompetence of Europe trying to solve this tragedy.

Conversation and discussion between people in Sarajevo and in Paris giving a realistic version of life in Sarajevo today: despair, horror, heartbreak, and the incompetence of Europe trying to solve this tragedy.

Footage from the funeral of Esmir Karabasic, and witness reports from the deathcamp at Omarska, Bosnia.

Interview with a captured Serbian soldier from Zvornik surrounding. He describes the preparation for war and his involvement in the fight.

The old city is shown under heavy shelling.
- 00:39:50; date on footage: October 1, 1991. Dialogue in SCB. Tape recorded from someone's apartment.
- 00:43:07 NIK TV; date on footage: November 10, 11, 1991. This segment of the tape depicts the shelling of Dubrovnik; footage from December 6, 1991 is also inlcuded.

Footage showing the damage to cultural objects and private property once the shelling was over.

TV Montenegro program related to the JNA military campaign around Dubrovnik.

Program related to the JNA military campaign around Dubrovnik. Military personnel interviewed.

Program related to the JNA military campaign around Dubrovnik. Civilians from Cavtat and military personell interviewed.

This broadcast focuses on Abdul Malida, a British Muslim, and his efforts to raise money, awareness, and food supplies to help the victims of war in Bosnia. He visits refugee camps in Croatia and Bosnia, managing to film part of his journey and distribute relief supplies along the way. The grim reality of the war and war crimes are displayed, with very graphic images of naked corpses. Prison camps and survivors are also included in the footage. Malida goes against travel restrictions imposed on foreigners as he makes his way deep into Bosnian territory. Malida uses his experience and awareness of the humanitarian situation in Bosnia to expedite further relief and bring aid to the region.

This broadcast is a brief report with breaking news on the destruction of the village of Stupni Do in central Bosnia and the subsequent attack on the civilian population there. UN Chief of Staff for British forces, Brigadier Angus Ramsey, comments on the vicious atrocities committed by Croats against the Muslim population of the village. UN forensic experts are seen briefly surveying the area for evidence of more victims.

This broadcast reports on Vukovar and the war crimes committed there, including a mass grave site where wounded soldiers from a hospital were taken out to a field and summarily executed. Featured footage shows British UN troops in a small Muslim village where a Muslim family of eight was burned to death. A civilian woman from the area being interviewed recalls young girls being raped. The report concludes with an interview with Cherif Bassiouni from the UN Commission of Experts on the establishment of the War Crimes Tribunal for the war in the former Yugoslavia.

This broadcast features a discussion of the growing tension along Macedonia's border in Kosovo. A brief overview of the situation in Kosovo is provided by Charles Kraus using footage of country and city life in Kosovo, explaining fears that an outbreak of war could spread to Macedonia and beyond. Robert MacNeil talks with U.S. government officials about the prospect of the war spilling into Macedonia and its neighbors, Albania, Bulgaria, Serbia, and two U.S. NATO allies, Greece and Turkey. At the time of the report, U.S. troops had recently been placed in Macedonia to deter further aggression and the spread of war in the Balkans. The tactical importance of the troop placement is debated by the guests, as well as the related political implications.

This broadcast focuses on the fighting between Muslims and Croats in the city of Mostar, one of the most devastated cities in the former Yugoslavia, according to BBC reporter Jeremy Bowen. The footage features historic parts of the city in total destruction, injured and dying civilians, including children, and citizens forced from their homes. Many injured Muslims from Eastern Mostar are shown, as well as Croatian prisoners incarcerated there. Soldiers from both sides are interviewed. The report concentrates on Mostar's pre-war beauty, and how it has become one of the most devastated and desperate regions in the Bosnian conflict.

This film recalls early events in the war in the former Yugoslavia. In this sometimes graphic compilation, the documentary makers allege that Serbian terrorists were responsible for the initial acts of aggression, attempting to deter a democratic Croatia from declaring independence from the Yugoslavian Communist Federation. Civilian destruction is shown in areas near the Serbian border such as Vukovar and Eastern Slavonia. Pleas are made throughout the film for peace and for the recognition of a sovereign, democratic Croatian state.

This film has no copyright restrictions.

The focus of this broadcast is Haris Silajdzic, Bosnian Foreign Minister, interviewed on the "Today" show with Bryant Gumbel and Katie Couric. Silajdzic expresses his frustration with the international community, stating that nothing has been done to stop the conflict in the former Yugoslavia, and appealing to anyone who can help stop the killing.

This short report describes the situation in Bosnia when the no-fly zone was initially being enforced. Haris Silajdzic, Bosnian Foreign Minister, speaks on the suffering endured in Bosnia and pleas for further international involvement. NATO's role in the conflict is discussed throughout, as well as the UN peacekeepers' role. Manfred Woerner, NATO Commander, and Pete Williams, Pentagon spokesman, both comment on the present situation of the no-fly zone.

This short report analyzes the situation in Bosnia during the early phases of the war. The broadcast mentions the death toll, rape camps, and the failure of diplomacy. Enforcement of the no¤fly zone is also discussed. The vote of the UN Security Council is highlighted which unanimously approved war crimes trials and a lifting of the arms embargo. The approach towards Bosnia by outside nations is also discussed.

This broadcast is a very short report featuring Haris Silajdzic, Bosnian Foreign Minister, making a renewed plea for the West to intervene in the conflict at a news conference in Washington D.C. At the time of the broadcast, the war in Bosnia had been going for nine months.

This broadcast features discussion and debate about U.S. involvement in foreign conflicts, raising questions of when action should be deemed necessary. Military and human rights experts are interviewed, including an extended interview with Bosnian Prime Minister Haris Silajdzic. What, if any, U.S. involvement should occur is the primary focus of the report.

In this broadcast, British reporter Robert Fisk, who covers Islamic stories worldwide, returns to Novska and sees the mosque and home of an Imam he visited one year before completely destroyed. Refugees are shown boarding trains one hour after being forced from their homes. Through interviews with Bosnian Muslims and their families, Fisk attempts to show how Muslims have been systematically persecuted in the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mustafa Ceric, head of the Muslim community in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is also interviewed, speaking of Bosnian Muslims' treatment by both their enemies in the war, and the world community.

The tape shows training of female military, with insignia which appears to be of the Bosnian Defense Force. After the training segment, we see women in trenches with male soldiers, and then some destruction of civilian property.

Conversation with a military group, including following them around and into what appears to be a former school where they re-group. They inspect some destruction of civilian property. We see a road sign which reads "RESTORAN BETTER LIFE."

Interview with a Serb who fought on the Muslim side, and a child in uniform and with a gun. Front at Omerbegovaca and Dizdarusa villages, near Brcko.

First 42 minutes is an interview with a female soldier, then they speak with others in her group. Insignia appears to be that of the Bosnian Defense Force. At one point, soldiers are outside inspecting some destructon of civilian property.

Interviews with soldiers from the BH Army, who are of different ethnic backgrounds.

Extensive tour of a Serbian Orthodox Church and cemetery in Tuzla—the church is relatively untouched by the violence. Interview with Ms. Jelena Obradov from Serbian humanitarian agency "Dobrotvor."

This broadcast is a special report on the subject of rape in Bosnia. Six or seven Bosnian Muslim women and one Serb woman are interviewed about their experience and the subsequent trauma they have endured. Other commentaries are provided by the ICRC's Iris Wittwer and Hafiz Halil Mehtic, a Muslim cleric from the Zenica Mosque.

This broadcast focuses on UN activities in Bosnia. Refugees are shown, as well as bombardments, including footage of the dead and wounded in the streets. Brief interviews are featured with two captured soldiers, Sretko Damjanovic and Herak, accused of war crimes by the Bosnian government.

These broadcasts are a collage of reports from earlier stages of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The segments focus, primarily, on the dialogue within France from that time debating intervention and humanitarian aid. The pervasive sexual violation of Bosnian women is also discussed, estimating that some 20,000 to 60,000 women have been victims of this war crime. Witnesses to rape are shown, coupled with the recorded confession of a Bosnian Serb detention camp guard that committed rape under orders, and a brief interview with alleged war criminal Sretko Damjanovic. Footage of refugees, detention camps, Sarajevo, and Vukovar are included as well.

This documentary provides an in-depth profile of Radovan Karadzic, a psychiatrist, poet, and the Bosnian Serb leader in the Bosnian war that erupted in April, 1992. By including local Bosnian Serb commanders, religious leaders, and ordinary people, this film highlights the origins and character of Serb nationalism, deeply rooted in the history and religion of the people. The views of the Christian Orthodox Church and the possible role of Serbian Monarch Prince Tomislav in the conflict are both explored. The film features Karadzic's mother; General Ratko Mladic, commander of the Bosnian Serb Army; Biljana Plavsic; Momcilo Krajisnik; and Eduard Limonov, a Russian writer visiting Karadzic. Among the footage shown are scenes of Karadzic visiting Bosnian Serb soldiers positioned in the hills above Sarajevo, as the soldiers fire on the city.

TV music spots. Ceremony on the occasion of the Jewish holiday. Alija Izetbegovic among speakers. News program, reports on shelling. Story on General Jovan Divjak, Yugoslav Army officer who joined Bosnian Army at the beginning of the war in Yugoslavia.

This documentary is a very in-depth investigation into the ethnic cleansing of the Bosnian town of Kozarac. Gras interviews a handful of refugees from Kozarac and attempts to reconstruct the order of events that led up to the cleansing of Kozarac. Each refugee describes their experience in detail and how they escaped death. There are interviews with many who describe the condition in Trnopolje and Omarska detention camp. Interviews: a Serb woman describes how the war strted in Kozarac; Imin, Omarska survivor describes how Dusko Tadic forced him to bite off the testicles of prisoners previously tortured; Prijedor Police Chief Simo Drljaca and Prijedor Military Commander Dr. Micko Kovacevic cite reasons for the war in Bosnia; Zeljko Mejakic leads tour of Omarska camp. Gras investigates and presents hard evidence of numerous atrocities committed during the falling of Kozarac. Included is footage of Tadic passing by a German TV camera which lead to his arrest and extradition to the Hague Tribunal.

This broadcast focuses on the position of Muslims in Croatia, particularly the 200,000 Bosnian refugees. Croatian propaganda has portrayed Muslim fundamentalism as a danger to the Christian world. This report includes numerous interviews with Croats and Muslims giving their opinions on the status of Muslim refugees. The first unidentified Muslim man states that Muslim men are commonly arrested and taken to camps. Many Muslims have also lost their homes and their jobs, he points out. The second unidentified Muslim man talks about being fired without an explanation from a Croat firm he worked for. An unidentified Muslim woman states that Muslims are constantly being kicked around and that Croats want them out of their country. A young Croat man states that it is not fair for Croatia to be spending millions of dollars on taking care of the Bosnian Muslim refugees when Croats themselves are experiencing economic hardship. An older Croat man explains that Muslims are taking away Croat territory in Bosnia; hence, they should not be helped. A Muslim refugee talks about the open repression where Muslim civilian men are being used for exchange for Croat war prisoners. Aziz Mikic, leader of the Croat Muslim Party, talks about the mistake made by Izetbegovic in trying to make an Islamic republic in Europe. Dr. Sevko Omerbasic, Multi Slovene/Croat ( - what is this?), explains that the Bosnian army does include some fundamentalists and that they have committed crimes as well, but that they are not religiously inspired, but reacting to the turmoil of the Bosnian war. Zagreb University Professor Zarko Puhovski explains that the general sentiment of Croats is that they are being victimized. He states that Croatia feels like the West has forgotten about it. A unidentified Croat woman talks about the morality of refusing help to a people. Other footage available in this report: Bosnian Muslims waiting in front of their consulate, a camp housing Muslim refugees, a mosque in Zagreb and men praying, a street salesman selling Croat nationalist paraphernalia, and general pictures of people in the streets of Zagreb.

This broadcast focuses on the infighting between rival Muslim and Croat factions in and around Mostar. Muslim civilians are interviewed in Eastern Mostar as well as soldiers from both sides, a spokesman for the Croatian HVO, and Muslim prisoners speaking about forced labor and beatings. Footage of civilian destruction is shown throughout the report. The conditions found in smaller towns such as Prozor, Vitez, Kiseljak, Vares, and Gornji Vakuf are highlighted, including interviews with Muslim and Croat city officials and military personnel. The UN presence and the role of NATO in the region are briefly touched upon.

The report talks about the daily hardships locals and refugees have to endure in the Vitez and Travnik areas of Bosnia, which lay between the frontlines. Interviewed is Viktorija Piljeka (sp), a Croat woman, who talks about the mafia plundering going on in Bosnia. Her house has been robbed by the local mafia. She explains that local authorities know about perpetrators, but are not willing to lay down the law. She also talks about food being extremely expensive, and the hardships of living without water and electricity. The report explains that since Travnik has fallen under Bosnian Muslim rule, Bosnian Croats have either left or have been driven out of the area. The animosities between the local people of Travnik and the refugees is detailed, as well the locals' efforts to gather food for the soldiers on the frontlines. The report explains that wounded Bosnian Croat soldiers are transported to Nova Bijela (sp) where a church has been turned into a hospital. Two civilian women as well as a refugee woman in Travnik give statements. Footage included: UN soldiers, a man going through thrash, a man calling out for Muslim prayer, Bosnian Croat soldiers on the frontlines, Nova Bijela (sp) hospital patients, refugees from Banja Luka arriving in Nova Bijela, Travnik's grade school children in class, two boys holding bread in their hands, a woman standing over a gravesite, and a well-dressed man in Travnik.

This report features an interview with Dzevad Hozo, a Bosnian painter and art historian, in his Sarajevo apartment. Hozo reflects on the ongoing siege of Sarajevo, and Bosnia's historic tolerance, and discusses the war's manifestation in Bosnian art as well as his own.

This broadcast profiles Zeljko Raznjatovic, aka "Arkan," notorious leader of the Tigers, a Serbian paramilitary unit. His life is briefly chronicled from his rise as a gangster, wanted by Interpol in many Western European countries, to his activities in the war in the former Yugoslavia as a top paramilitary leader. Arkan's exploits as head of Red Star's fan club are detailed, showing how he was able to recruit individuals from the fan club for his paramilitary units. Arkan's ascent into Serbian politics as a parliamentary representative of Kosovo is also explored. Professor Vladen Vasiljevic describes how Arkan represents a pattern in Serbia since the break up of the former Yugoslavia, "the criminalization of politics and the politicization of criminal activity."

This report focuses on reconstruction efforts in Dubrovnik, Croatia, two years after the war. The intentional targeting of historical landmarks is investigated, showing structural and cultural damage throughout the city. Interviews feature artists, musicians, academics, government officials, and the general public.

This report focuses on Zenica and its food shortages during the war. Food and other supplies are in high demand, creating a struggle between refugees and the native inhabitants of the city. Shown are local protests because of the disappearance of food and supplies from relief agencies, attributed to the local mafia. The program further investigates stolen supplies through interviews with Besim Spahic, Mayor of Zenica; Larry Hollingworth, UNHCR; and Ejub Dautovic, a local Imam.

This program focuses on Croatia as a new state, examining its direction under Franjo Tudjman two years after gaining international recognition. At the time of this broadcast, Croatia has begun to lose sympathy as a victim of Serbian aggression and is increasingly seen as an aggressor, reluctant to come to terms with its own fascist past. Tudjman's policy in Bosnia, the historical revisionism of his HDZ party, and the reintroduction of the fascist monetary unit of the Ustasa state all contribute to the scrutiny of the new Croatia. The silence of prominent Croatian politicians is criticized and contrasted by dissidents interviewed such as publisher Slavko Goldstein, Ivan Zvonimir Cicak, and Mira Ljubic-Lorger from Dalmatian Action.

Heavy shelling of old Dubrovnik. Footage of Peter Mahler in Dubrovnik (no sound). Footage taken on a quiet day in the city; the montage features no sound, no date. Two men shown repairing a boat; some rubble shown (its origin unclear); downtown Dubrovnik shown. Peter Mahler and another man tour a damaged building in downtown Dubrovnik. Some damaged buildings shown. (22 minutes)
- Montage of the old city; Peter Mahler takes photos; a few damaged boats shown; panorama of the city, including its forts, shown. (no sound; 7 minutes)
- Report on Dubrovnik by ITN's Paul Davis (starts at about 00:35:00; same as in 038; report has sound; 10 minutes)
- Amateur footage showing the shelling of Dubrovnik. Date on footage: June 12, 1991 (shown in the lower right-hand corner). Boats set on fire shown, as well as visible damage on some buildings (has sound; 5 minutes)

This documentary focuses on the formation of Croatia's new state and the role of the old Croatian state in WWII. Atrocities committed against Serbs in WWII are shown throughout with archival pictures of Ustasa camps. Many elderly survivors of the camps are interviewed. The film is an indictment of Franjo Tudjman and his political party HDZ's new policies, likened to the old Croatian regime through presentation of historical and modern footage. Serbian journalists also discuss restrictions imposed on them by the Croatian government.

Darko Tanaskovic on Bosnian history and the present conflict. Historical footage, using paintings to tell about the origins of the conflict as long ago as the 12th century. Also includes archival footage from WWII.

Chronology of the disintegration of Yugoslavia.

This broadcast focuses on the influx of Bosnian Serb refugees living with those Serbian residents in Serbia proper who have opened their homes to the refugees. The majority of the refugees are women and children who fled at the beginning of the war in Bosnia. Most of the material consists of interviews with the various refugees and with their hosts in Serbia. It explains how little food is available, and describes the overall lack of resources for Serbian refugees in Serbia, along with an international plea for aid. Many of the refugees describe their feelings of gratitude to their hosts, upon whom the refugees still feel they are imposing.

Historical footage, paintings, etc. showing the tradition and beauty of the country.

Interviews with people visiting the site of apparitions of Virgin Mary in western Herzegovina.

Trauma Relief Corps. Group of five or six working with relief agency Nova, who visited refugees and helped them in their emotional pain. Two women from Little Rock, Arkansas are profiled.

Mary Ann Foundation video of the Trauma Relief Corps mission, same as above.

Medjugorje humanitarian trip and international peace march from Ljubuski to Medjugorje. 30 countries participated. Footage of destroyed Mostar.

Larry Jones, President of Feed the Children, makes periodic pitches to raise money to aid starving children in Bosnia. Some refugees interviewed. War room from IHRLI.

A public service solicitation to raise funds for the Feed The Children's relief operation in the Former Yugoslavia, this program shows how children have been the deliberate targets of the war. Stephen Walker, a former U.S. State Department official, remarks that Serbs in Bosnia have purposefully targeted children with mortar and artillery fire. Also stated, is that in Sarajevo, 72% of children's homes have been shelled, 40% shot at by snipers, and 50% have seen someone die. The policy of children as targets is discussed throughout. Larry Jones, President of Feed the Children, hosts the broadcast.

Documentary about the psychological effects of war on children.

Nedzad Begovic's exhibition entitled "War Art" was created by collecting various materials that have lost their primary function due to war operations. All exhibits have a "history" of their own and are the result of the destruction of Sarajevo. The author recognizes shapes in the destroyed objects and presents them as artifact, transforming the negative energy of crime into the positive vibrations of human spirituality.

This short film is inspired by Louis Jammes' art project "Angels On the Walls." Louis Jammes created large scale black and white posters, which depict young children and a mother with her children as angels. The artist placed posters around Sarajevo, on damaged or destroyed buildings, bridges, and in the interiors of destroyed buildings or houses. The film features music by Senad Hadzimusic and SCH and has no dialogue.

Many ex-students of law, drama, architecture, and others join the school of the Bosnian Defense Force, where they study combat skills, shooting, camouflage, war tactics, and explosives in order to survive and to defend their city.

This short film is a kind of "personal message" from director Zlatko Lavanic to his friends who left Sarajevo. The film, recorded in five shots, shows in subtle way the state of mind of a person from Sarajevo, the destroyed city.

In this short film, images of pre-war Sarajevo are intertwined with war-time images. Images of residents praying in the Serbian Orthodox church, and in the Catholic Cathedral, Jewish synagogue is also shown, mosques, shows multicultural character of Sarajevo, being. Yugoslav army forces withdrawing from the city, Yugoslav army soldier pointing a sniper at Sarajevo, combined with images of pre-war Sarajevo to illustrate what was at a target, showing church towers and mosques, thus indicating that a multicultural tradition that was fostered in Sarajevo for centuries was now being destroyed. Short sequence from demonstrations in Sarajevo just before the war had started is included. Muslims are shown during a prayer, UN forces shown crushing the town, buildings burning in Sarajevo, destruction, burned Post office building in Sarajevo, National library before its destruction, stills of Gavrilo Princip, Franz Ferdinand shooting in Sarajevo, shooting at the wounded at Socialno Junction, Marijin Dvor, breadline massacre.

In this video, images of prewar Sarajevo (from the XIV Winter Olympics, 1984) are juxtaposed with images of massacres, civilians running under sniper fire, and destroyed sports venues where the Olympics took place. Included at the end is a video clip for a song, "Help Bosnia Now," directed by Ademir Kenovic, and shot in the sports hall "Zetra."

Video essay with combined scenes of Professor Zdravko Grebo's demolished flat and of destruction of Sarajevo. Also features 1968 student demonstrations, police brutality, and shocking images of blood on the hand of a dead child.

This film recounts a story of a young man who deserts the special unit of the JNA and walks the distance from Belgrade to Sarajevo hoping to join the resistance against the aggression of the very army he left, and in whose fold he spent five years of his youth. He is apprehended with the threat of being killed. With the help of a friend, "Boat," he escapes the military prison where he was held in captivity. On his way to Sarajevo he crosses a river on the Bosnian border, makes an incredible journey through the occupied territories before finally accomplishing his goal—coming to Sarajevo and joining the resistance. Some footage of Sarajevo and Bijeljina during initial outbreaks of the Bosnian conflict are also shown during his commentary.

This film deals with the atrocities of war as portrayed by a film student who spent some time working as a medic. One of the duties he performed was to carry amputated limbs to the cremation furnace. This is a film about the collective madness that engulfed Sarajevo. A one-armed boy is troubled because he can't make big, firm snowballs; a man who lost both legs demonstrates walking on his stumps. The film and the director's story help us understand the commotion and tumult that have occurred in the minds of people from Sarajevo.

How to survive in Sarajevo? What does a slowly dying man need most as he watches his city disappearing? Can anything ease the agony?

A story about a boy whose mother was killed as a fighter defending Sarajevo. The boy takes a rose from the garden his mother worked on and brings it to her grave; but when he returns to the grave, the rose is no longer there. Through the sad confession of the boy we meet the people of his environment—his grandfather, grandmother, aunt, and friends; as well as his mother's collegues, and other fighters—who bring warmth and love to the boy in these cruel times.

A short documentary shot at a car scrap yard full of vehicles destroyed during the war. Many children from Ciglana, a residential area in Sarajevo, play in these cars, pretending that they are travelling to far-off lands.

This documentary was filmed on the streets of destroyed Sarajevo. March 8 was traditionally celebrated as Women's Day, and this documents how the women of Sarajevo experienced their first feast in wartime.

Shot at the pediatric ward of the Sarajevo hospital, detailing the consciousness of children wounded in war.

This short piece includes extremely graphic footage of the Waterline Massacre at the Sarajevo Brewery. Men are seen loading disfigured corpses into a truck immediately after a tank grenade was fired at the location. Some of this same footage is seen on other tapes as well, but none as thorough or graphic as that which is shown here.

The story takes place in the war-torn Sarajevo. Amela and her father live in an area exposed to constant enemy attacks. Her father is ill, and the mother left the family taking with her the younger child. Ten-year-old Amela does all the chores; she collects firewood in dangerous areas to cook and to heat water to bathe her father. The school is closed during the summer but Amela does not have time to play with her friends; she has to fetch water, and do the laundry by the river. Amela finds solace in her two guinea pigs, the inseparable friends for whom she always finds some time, reminding us all of the fact that her childhood can't be taken away from her.

Since November 1992, families and friends from all of ex-Yugoslavia, and from all over Europe, have been sending food parcels to their families and friends in Sarajevo. Lack of food and the absence of normal routes of communication, both in and out of the city, have meant that these shipments, though rare and small in size, have provided a chance for survival, as well as a voice of remembrance for the recipient.

"Confessions of a Monster" is a documentary film made in the fall of 1992 in a military prison in Sarajevo, where a group of journalists, including John Barnes of the New York Times, were introduced to Borislav Herak, a young man in JNA uniform, and the first person in fifty years to be charged with the crime of genocide. Borislav Herak, a Bosnian Serb soldier captured by the Bosnian Army and imprisoned for war crimes, speaks about looting, murder, and rape of Bosnian Muslim men and women. Herak explains in detail how he joined the Serb forces, talks about the music he likes, and demonstrates how he was trained on pigs to slit victim's throats. Herak also admits to raping and killing several Muslim women and executing several men. He describes what he did to his victims in detail. He gives the names of other soldiers who participated in these crimes. Herak says that he committed these acts under orders.

In the summer of 1993, Susan Sontag visited the besieged and destroyed city of Sarajevo for the second time. During her stay, she staged Becket's "Waiting for Godot" with a troupe of Sarajevo actors. Director P. Zalica and cameraman A. Imamovic followed her work from day one to the premiere. They also followed the daily life of the actors and theatre personnel involved in the production. This film transcends the confines of a film about the play and is rather a panoramic view of life in Sarajevo during the war.

A hotel in the centre of town is a wartime home and refuge for many of Sarajevo’s homeless people. Every morning they leave the hotel and wander around the destroyed city, gathering again at the defunct hotel in the afternoon. This film follows their separate fates through the bitter juxtaposition of images of the bums with those of dogs abandoned by their owners and now left to the mercy of the war-ravaged streets of Sarajevo.

Nine French News reports. Some civil. destruction, military. Radovan Karadzic interviewed about demilitarization of Sarajevo.

Croatian doctor Miro Kovacevic, Chicago area resident for 22 years, fought UN red tape to get six critically ill children out of Sarajevo. Californian woman, Lynn Robustelli, duped 80 Sarajevans out of thousands of dollars assuring them safe passage and U.S. visas.

This program discusses the War Crimes Tribunal and whether or not anyone will—or can—ever be brought to justice. Is the Tribunal a sham? Tribunal located in an old, out-of-the-way building at the Hague, 10 judges collecting $140,000 each per year since December 1993 and not one indictment yet. Interviews with Madeleine Albright and State Department Officials.

Live broadcast an hour before the expiration of the NATO ultimatum to the Bosnian Serbs. Any Serb weapons found within 12 miles of Sarajevo will be a target of NATO war planes. Live reporting from Sarajevo, the White House, and the Pentagon included. Radovan Karadzic claims that the Bosnian Serbs will comply with the ultimatum. Statements by UN General Sir Michael Rose: Yasushi Akashi, UN Special Envoy; Vitaly Churkin, Russian Deputy Foreign Minister; John Shalikashvili, in Aviano Italy (courtesy of NBC); Alija Izetbegovic, Bosnian president; James Blackwell, military analyst; and Alvaro de Soto, Asst. UN Sec. General. Pictures from Lukavica included. Interview with Ejup Ganic, vice president of Bosnia, featured.

Detailed explanation of the activities of IHRLI, how they build up their database on war crimes, and what patterns are seen. Prof. Bassiouni is interviewed.

Dr. Sooliman addresses a group at the VI International Congress on Legal Science. His speech is about what he perceives to be the failures of the UN to help the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Discussion of Serb psychiatrist, Jovan Raskovic, who claims responsibility for planting seeds of hatred and nationalism, and using group psychology to manipulate the entire Serb nation into starting the war.

This is a collage of two-minute reports from Sarajevo, beginning with the 623rd day of siege. A longer report, a Christmas special, is also featured. Each report focuses on different aspects of the everyday lives of the residents of one street, showing how people cope and survive in the city without electricity, water supplies, heating fuel, food, and medication—all the while under heavy shelling. Stories included show how Sarajevans cope with the loss of loved ones, how children cope and survive, how the lack of food affects residents' lives, how they cope with the fear of being injured or killed, and their efforts to maintain the multiethnic character of the city.

John Duncanson traveled to Mostar in Bosnia and Herzegovina and various locations in Croatia. Chicago-ordained priest returns to the rubble and debris of what was his church in Mostar.

John Duncanson accompanies Croatian Army volunteers in two towns 40 miles from Zagreb. Also, life for civilians, refugees, and two hospitals concerned with the wounded.

This tape is about mercenaries, mostly British, who are fighting in the former Yugoslavia. The program investigates the specific kinds of personalities that thrive in war zones and what has drawn them into the conflict as individuals. The location where the story takes place is the eastern town of Osjek in Croatia. Monday, 6:00 a.m.: 30 men are preparing themselves for battle in the former Yugoslavian civil war between the Serbs and the Croats. Only five of the men have ever been formally trained by any kind of professional army; the other 25 are mainly comprised of individuals who have not been able to function in civilian society well and find the challenge and danger of being a mercenary in Croatia as something rewarding and enjoyable. The first five minutes of the video is an introduction to the surroundings and mindsets of a couple of these men. Kit is the first individual who is formally introduced, and he remains one of the main characters interviewed throughout the video. He is the company commander and leads the other men in the decision-making process, as well as training many of the men for battle. His primary philosophy in training is not to train them to be an army, but instead train them to survive. Carl is an expert in explosives and decided to join this brigade because he thought it would be fun. He had been engaged in war efforts throughout the world, including Sudan, Sri Lanka, and West Africa. He had even been involved in hijacking a plane and kidnapping people in Suriname, which he considered to be one of the most exciting and fulfilling phases of his life. Tuesday: despite there having been a supposed ceasefire since January, in that time 150 people have died. The men are back at company headquarters preparing themselves for battle, as well as showing off the ammunition, such as grenades and automatic weapons, that they have ample access to. There is a red alert but Kit and the company have to wait until they are called in by the guards. This night it does not happen. Introduced to Dave: "Once you live with the people who have gone through so much of the pain and suffering all you want to do is kill for them." "I always wanted to kill someone legally." He is perhaps the craziest of the group and even says himself that he is on the brink of insanity. Display of mutilated bodies and the various atrocities that occurred throughout that region. Briefing of Covert Operations that will be initiated across enemy lines. Eduardo Florez is introduced. He is another one of the lead commanders who helps out Kit. Eduardo is from Spain and was a journalist before he started being a mercenary. He realized that journalism was not a career for him because could not remain neutral for more then a week. After that he clearly chose which side was right and wrong. The objectives of the covert operation are to destroy and take back prisoners. Wednesday: All of the men are gathered down by the lake to go over some practice runs in their inflatable boats. Dave mentions that the access to weapons, grenades, etc. makes him feel like he is in Vietnam or somewhere where the law is simply what they choose it to be. Andy: went AWOL from the British Army. Roy: his mother thinks that he is working at Euro Disney. Tea time: back to headquarters. Kit mentioned that he joined the British Army in 1978 and 30 other men were in his brigade with him. Today, only 10 of those men are still alive. Kit said that he was a vagabond and did not belong in society as a civilian. Said that seeing his wife die a year ago was the hardest thing he has ever seen, and so anything he sees during battle will be easy for him. Thursday: Carl had a drunken exchange with the Spanish Commander Eduardo and decided to leave. There was a call from the guards for them to act as support. After they support the guards they drive through the city to see the damage caused by possible shelling. Kit is trying to figure out where Carl went. He asked everyone in the house until he eventually found out that Eduardo had made a military arrest because he felt that Carl in his drunken outrage was publicly mocking him and disobeying an officer. This was a test for Kit to see if he could keep the morale of his command up and also maintain his own emotions at the same time. Eduardo and Kit meet to discuss the covert operation that is supposed to occur later on in the night. Kit's company has been setting off bombs throughout the city to make it look as though the Serbs are attacking more then they really are. This action will provide justification for the eminent retaliation that is about to occur. Friday: back to main command. Introduced to Frenchie: he is an individual who explains the emotions and personal ties that occur when you go into battle, and the struggles that manifest during and proceeding the actual events. Men are seen outside playing a strange rendition of Rugby with a soccer ball. Justin: explains why he loves his automatic rifle so much and explains how your whole identity is shaped by the stories and acts that you perform here in this type of environment. Saturday: another meeting is held about the covert operation and there is detailed discussion on how they are going to capture a prisoner. The operation to get behind Serbian lines was a success; they were able to kill one of the Serbian men and take another prisoner so that they could use him for interrogation. After that they were all back at the Command Center where they were able to trade war stories of the previous hours. Kit was wounded during a subsequent operation behind enemy lines. When he recovers, he plans to join the fighting in Bosnia. Carl was released from military jail and returned to England. Dave was arrested after a German journalist was stabbed in a bar-room brawl.

The film on the biggest Ustasha concentration camp for Serbs, Jews, Roma and anti-fascist Croats during WWII. Testimonies on terror. Very brutal scenes of mutilated bodies.

Film on Ante Pavelic, "forgotten Fuerer of WWII," head of the Independent State of Croatia. How he has escaped justice after WWII thanks to secret network that implicated Vatican and Western intelligence. American code name for that network was "Ratlines."

Croatian ex-patriot filmmaker living in Paris for 27 years returns in fall of 1992 to his country to make a film intended to put a human face on the war, hoping it will prompt the world community to act. Some civilian destruction. Senada, a Muslim whose boyfriend is a Serb of Montenegrin heritage. She thinks there is no future for them in Bosnia, because of the deep division between ethnic communities.

A compilation of separate, updated reports on the situation in Bosnia. The deteriorating condition in Sarajevo is featured in many of the segments. Reports on renewed fighting, many by Martin Bell, in areas in central Bosnia such as Vitez, Kiseljak, Zenica, and Maglaj. Jeremy Bowen reports on an injured Bosnian girl, Irma Hadzimuratovic, and the improvement of her condition since being evacuated. Interviews with all types of Bosnian civilians throughout the segments. Also included are interviews with various British government officials, as well as politicians, in the former Yugoslavia.

Film on Mustafa Ostrvica (72), partisan from WWII. He is now in the Bosnian Army from the very beginning of the war. He speaks about his motives for joining the army and describes how he made it so far.

Shots of damaged buildings after shelling of the city. Some of the shelling seen from distance.

January 28: a total of 20 bodies exhumed from a mass grave. Croatian army soldiers in the field; some civilians present as well. They observe a potential mass grave. Bulldozer shown exhuming a potential mass grave. Forensic expert is present, including several persons who wear white coats (some seem to be EU observers). Forensic expert finds an object that looks like a shoe. The first body is uncovered. Experts examine the body and discuss the possible origin of injuries and cause of death; the body that is being examined seems disfigured, with a large whole in the head. Other exhumed bodies shown. January 29: vehicles driving through a village; some houses covered with shrapnel holes; a Croatian flag hangs in the street; a brief close-up of a damaged civilian house with the Serb graffiti (the four-S symbol) on the wall shown; the exhumation of the mass grave continues (the seventh body found); additional bodies exhumed; one of the bodies is blind-folded. The twelfth exhumed body is shown.

Shorter testimonies of raped Muslim women and Muslims forced to convert to the Orthodox religion. Witnesses filed in Bosnian State Commission.

Sarajevo burning. Civilian and cultural destruction. Destroyed churches and mosques.

Many destroyed mosques and churches, and in some cases, we see a picture of the building as it appeared before the war with a date which is assumed to be date it was built.

Most of the footage used in this tape is produced by Bosnian TV. The program shows how shelling affected civilians in Sarajevo, Dobrinja, and the residential areas near the airport. The first 10 minutes shows hospitalized civilians, each accompanied by his or her doctor, who explains how the patient was injured and provides details about the patient's injuries. Three adults and four children are shown: Mehmed Kubatin, 39 years old, craftsman, injured on June 17; Jasmina Dzano, housewife, 28 years old, injured in front of her house; Nusret Mujic, 39 years old, injured on June 29; an 8-year-old boy, injured in a shell explosion which killed his friend, his leg amputated bellow the knee; a 12-year-old boy, suffered multiple injuries in a shell explosion, his arm amputated, leg broken, suffered back injuries as well; Elvedin Kurahovic, born in 1975, injured by shrapnel in his left knee, where his bones were broken; and Aldin Calso, born in 1976, injured by shrapnel. Berin Lacevic, a boy whose mother (Azra Lacevic), father (Asim Lacevic), and sister were killed while fetching water near the brewery in Sarajevo. He describes the incident. His uncle describes how the incident affected him. Scenes from the Brewery Massacre are featured. The footage shows injured civilians, many of whom are children, brought into what looks like an emergency room. Very graphic images of the injuries are shown, including a dead girl, slain man, and other injuries. A scene shows a shell sticking out from the cement, including many canisters, which implies that a shell exploded while people fetched water. A brief scene shows children doing laundry. Shelling of Alipasino Polje. Scenes from the Breadline Massacre, including scenes from a hospital that are subtitled in English. A brief excerpt from a woman's testimony is included, with the Miskina Street in the aftermath of the massacre. A civilian man testifies about a shell explosion near his house, which killed his wife, Mediha Kurtovic, and his daughter, Zlata Kurtovic. He mentions several other family members who were also killed in the explosion. The interior of his house and the damage caused by the explosion is shown. Newspaper obituaries of the children killed in the war shown. Voice-over in English featured. Footage from November 1992, children playing soccer shown. A scene featuring people, civilians running under the sniper fire. A scene depicts a woman injured by the sniper fire. Mirzeta Fejzic, testifies about losing her baby in the final stage of pregnancy as a result of injury. Her doctor, Ahmo Kapetanovic, describes the injuries she suffered and surgical procedures she underwent. A scene shows a fetus that was killed inside the mother's womb. February 1993: scenes from Sarajevo show people fetching water, collecting fire wood, children at play, and children in school. Dr. Lutvo Hodzic describes diseases which affect children the most. His testimony is subtitled in English. Chyron at the end of the tape reads the following: In 11 months of war in Sarajevo there were 1275 children killed and 12,750 injured.

Various atrocities in middle Bosnia. Massacre in village of Bunino Selo, January 8–9, 1994: woman murdered; prisoner executed; assassination; unidentified civilian bodies; massacre in Krisancevo Selo, December 24–25, 1993: unidentified civilian bodies; Santici, August 2, 1994: two civilians killed; Vitez, June 10, 1993: dead children, killed by grenade. Col. William Duncan, civilian victims at Krisancevo Selo, December 24–25, 1994.

Interview with Professor Bassiouni, who explains the work of the UN Commission of Experts and its relation to the War Crimes Tribunal.

A report on Croatia since declaring its independence: scenes of war in Dubrovnik, Vukovar, Prijedor, Slavonski Brod are shown, as well as civilian and sacral/cultural destruction, refugees fleeing, and civilian bodies. A special segment focuses on how journalists and the UN were targeted in the war with raw footage of journalists being attacked. Military personnel and graphic imagery are featured throughout.

Closing scene from the feature film "Vukovar Poste Restante," with a good aerial view of destroyed Vukovar.

Stipe Mesic visits Dubrovnik. Shots of the Yugoslav Army attack on Dubrovnik.

Experts: Alice Geis (mental health), Sharon Crooks (lawyer), Sava Hussain (lawyer), and Dr. Wanda Fremont (mental health). They are talking to each other most of the time and also try to arrange some interviews with victims of war.

UNCHR evacuation of refugee women, children, and injured men. Much emotion as families are separated. Original video is damaged, hardly visible images!

Words "Crna Gora" (Montenegro) sprayed over the sign in Cyrillic. Soldiers inspect an abandoned and burned military truck. Vehicles drive through a village. Male voice announces that they are passing through the village of Kukunjevac, coming from the direction of Lipik. Exhumed bodies inside a morgue. January 30: doctors examine the bodies.

Anti-war art piece. Questions related to isolation in a besieged city are asked and answers appear on screen. No scenes of war; only a female is on screen.

Hospital in Dubrovnik, interviews with wounded defenders. Destruction of civilian property; boats and buildings as they are being shelled and still burning.

Inspection of villages of Vocin, Zvecevo, and Cetekovac near Podravska Slatina (Croatia) after a massacre by Serbian paramilitary forces. Buildings still burning or smoldering, civilians lay dead where they fell; dead, tortured, and burned bodies are lined up.

The first entry of Croatian forces into the villages of Vetekovac, Cojlug, and Balinci after "ethnic cleansing." Many dead civilians lay where they fell: in the grass, near the road. Destruction of civilian property. Livestock heard and seen still roaming.

Very graphic. Dead, tortured bodies on exam tables. Close-ups of many wounds. Many bodies are still clothed in civilian attire, including many elderly. Burned bodies. Many bodies with passports placed on top.

Very graphic. Dead, tortured bodies on exam tables. Close-ups of many wounds. Many bodies are still clothed in civilian attire, including many elderly. Burned bodies. Many bodies with passports placed on top.

Short news report on work at IHRLI. Professor Bassiouni is interviewed along with a few of the volunteers.

Destruction of civilian property; houses and ships burning; heavy artillery.

Story of Boško, a Serb, and Admira, a Muslim, high school sweethearts, shot as they fled Sarajevo, despite being assured safe passage. They died in each others arms. Family and friends remember them fondly. Some footage of war.

This independent report looks at how the mainstream media cover the Balkan wars. To counteract the inaccurate and simplistic reporting that pervades the mainstream television networks' programming and the print, this report attempts to explain the history of the region and the rise of nationalism that led to current wars. The program features examples of inaccurate TV reporting and stereotypical phrases (e.g. "ancient hatreds, ethnic rivalries frozen in time that threaten to ignite," "irresolvable, irreconcilable differences") that the media use to describe the perplexing events in the Balkans. The propaganda war is also discussed. Croatian policy against minorities discussed.

Participants: Laura Flanders of the Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (spent a long time covering Northern Ireland); Marina Komarecki, U.S. correspondent, "B92" Radio, opposition radio in Belgrade; Ivo Skoric, U.S. correspondent, Arkzin, the art/newspaper for the anti-war campaign in Croatia (August 25, 1992); Bill Weinberg, journalist and member of Balkan War Resource Group; and representatives of the Center for Anti-war Action in Belgrade, Serbia and Antiwar Campaign Council from Zagreb, Croatia.

An investigation of ethnic cleansing incidents in Brcko, an ethnically-mixed town in northern Bosnia that fell under Serb control at the beginning of the conflict in Bosnia. Much of Brcko's non-Serbs, some 20,000, had to flee to different parts of Europe and thousands are believed to have been murdered by the Serbs. Survivors give testimonies of large-scale killings and torture that took place in a port, "Luka," police station, Hotel Posavina, Partisan Hall, and "farma." The accounts are accompanied by photographs of an act of murder and mass graves which provide evidence of the Serbian crimes. Other statements are given by Milos Vasic (journalist for Vreme magazine, Belgrade), Milorad Ekmecic (Professor of History at the University of Belgrade), Lawrence Eagleburger (former Secretary of State) accusing Vojislav Seselj of war crimes, and Vojislav Seselj (Head of the Serbian Radical Party).

Various people speaking at UN War Crimes Commission regarding Dubrovnik.

This documentary studies the rise of Serbian nationalism in the former Yugoslavia as it came to a head in early 1991, shortly before the outbreak of full-scale war. The film begins with a brief overview of the Yugoslavia, describing the historical and political background, ethnic make-up, and geography of the region. The roots of the drive for a Greater Serbia are traced back to the renowned memorandum published by the Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences in Belgrade, outlining Serbian territorial aspirations in the case of a disintegrating Yugoslavia. The program then reflects on the effort to immortalize the historic battle of Kosovo Polje (Field of Blackbirds) in 1389 as a means to exploit ethnic conflict. Footage is then shown from a modern Serbian TV movie which depicts the Serbs fighting the Turks. The documentary then delves into the relationship between Albanians and Serbs in Kosovo, from the era of Tito's Yugoslavia up to the early 90s, describing how the ethnic make-up in Kosovo has changed through the years as Serbs emigrated to other areas in Yugoslavia and Kosovar Albanians continued to maintain the highest birthrate in Europe. Kosovo's relative autonomy under Tito is explained, showing how Serbian nationalists succeeded during the late 80s in revoking freedoms enjoyed by the Albanian majority. The documentary likens the plight of Kosovo's Albanians to black South Africans under Apartheid, detailing how Serbian politicians gained control of key positions of power in Kosovo, fortifying their actions by creating an oppressive police force dominated by Serbs. The University Clinic of Pristina is cited as another prime example of an overall nationalist pattern in which the Serbian-controlled government in Kosovo arbitrarily replaced Albanian doctors with Serbian doctors. Serbian civilians are filmed and interviewed about being supplied with weapons by Serbian authorities. The documentary shows how the school system in Kosovo became a quasi-Serbian institution, enforcing a Serbian learning plan and eliminating instruction in the Albanian language, resulting in a boycott of all public schools in Kosovo by ethnic Albanians. Footage is shown of classes being taught by Albanian teachers in private homes. The documentary then shifts its focus to Banja Luka, one of Bosnia's largest cities. Ethnic Muslims' representation in politics, education, and police in Banja Luka and Bosnia are contrasted with that of Kosovo's ethnic Albanians. The concentrations of ethnic Serbs along the former border of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, from the Krajina region to Vojvodina, are discussed as providing the pretext for an ethnic geography supportive of the territorial aspirations of a Greater Serbia. The documentary also claims that the half a million ethnic Germans that lived in Yugoslavia between the World Wars were eventually driven out by the end of World War II. It is claimed that these were some the first victims of a coming Serbian nationalism, citing numerous books from German culture that can still be found at a school in Sremski Karlovski, Vojvodina. The program then shifts its focus back to the Krajina region, showing where ethnic concentrations of Catholic Croats and Orthodox Serbs are located. The effect of World War II's Croatian Ustasa state is then explored, showing how the region's history has played into the modern conflict, especially the massacres of Serbian civilians in Glina and Jasenovac. The documentary then shifts back to modern Yugoslavia, focusing on Tito's construction of the Yugoslav state after World War II and how the economies of the different republics became specialized. The size of Serbia's economy is described as modest, stemming from problems mounting after Tito's death such as scaled-back salaries and higher unemployment. The documentary asserts that economic conditions played a major role in the outbreak of conflict, largely because Serbia would have faced certain bankruptcy without the added revenue of republics such as Croatia and Slovenia to help sustain it. Tito and his ideas of a unified, socialist Yugoslavia are discussed as a failed institution. The military is cited as being in limbo, built on the foundations of a Yugoslav state, now with an uncertain future and prone towards violent complicity in the drive for a Greater Serbia because of the overwhelming numbers of high-ranking Serbian officers. The program then returns to the Battle of Kosovo Polje, reflecting on how ethnic conflict once again threatens the region and questioning whether Croatia and Slovenia's bids for independence will become bloody conflicts by clashing with the ideals of a Greater Serbia. Interviews featured in the documentary include: Momcilo Trajkovic, Serbian Parliament Member in Kosovo; Dr. Bujar Bukoshi, Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK); Serbian Patriarch Pavle Stojcevic; Milovan Djilas, author and ex-partisan critic of the Yugoslavian state; Dr. Dejan Medakovic, Professor at the Serbian Academy of Arts and Sciences; Damjan Antic, Mayor of Dvor; Milos Micic, Serbian Orthodox Priest; Stanka Lakovit, former Partisan; and General Mate Pehjar, Military Academy of Belgrade. Other footage shown in the documentary includes: a funeral for a slain policeman in Pakrac; the Studenica and Pec Monasteries; ethnic Albanians in markets and cafes in Pristina, panoramas of Pristina; the University Clinic hospital in Pristina; ethnic Albanian schoolchildren in class; armed Serbian civilians and police units in Kosovo; city views of Banja Luka, Vojvodina, and Karlovac; destruction of civilian property and cultural heritage in the Krajina; Jasenovac; archival footage of Tito with Churchill and Kruschev; factories in Uzice, Serbia; guards at Tito's grave and state-office-turned-museum in Dedinje; and troops training at a special officers academy in Serbia.

This documentary is for ORF, in conjunction with RIAS TV, Berlin. Study of Muslim culture and its history within the Balkan region. Interviews with Jakub Selimoski, Reis-ul-ulema (Sarajevo), Alija Izetbegovic, Radovan Karadzic, and Stjepan Kljuic, head of the Bosnian Croats.

Evacuation of civilians from Dubrovnik. Scenes of property destruction.

This documentary profiles various people: a student, a filmmaker, an opera singer, and a cellist, among others.

This documentary focuses on the specific targeting of women since the outbreak of war in the former Yugoslavia in 1991. The film begins by tracing the history of rape during warfare, first citing examples from the Bible, then likening the plight of women in the Balkans to that of women in other historic wars such as WWI and WWII, including archival footage from Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Iraq, Germany, and Korea. Many testimonies are featured from women who endured rape and other maltreatment. Different members of the Bosnian community are interviewed about the effect of the war on women there, primarily Muslims. The documentation center in Zagreb is highlighted as well for its efforts to document the experience of refugees and record war crimes. Doctors are interviewed about abortion as a potential option and its effect on the women.

Short news report about the Crimes Commission in Geneva. Professor Bassiouni is interviewed. They visit IHRLI and discuss data base. UN Field Investigator says he hasn't seen much of a paper trail which can convict perpetrators.

Eight minute piece about War crimes Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia. Men in camps. Arkan is seen briefly; Milosevic is shown in a brief interview denying that he had anything to do with the ordering of atrocities; and Professor Bassiouni and Judge Goldstone are interviewed. Footage included: Manjaca camp; soldiers cooking at Manjaca camp.

Mounting tension between ethnic Albanians and Serbs in the formerly autonomous region of Kosovo. The report focuses on how the Serbian central authority revoked Kosovo's autonomy and now dominates the region with violent suppression of all resistance. Footage of both a Serbian police officer's funeral and a Kosovar Albanian civilian are shown, as well as clashes between ethnic Albanians and Serbian police. Pictures and footage of abused Kosovo Albanians show severe maltreatment by the Serbian police, corroborated by Gazmed Pula, Head of the Helsinki Committee in Kosovo. The closing of Albanian schools and high unemployment are also discussed. Chatir Chatiri of the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) and Zoran Gligorijevic of the Serbian Socialist Party both speak on the present situation in Kosovo. Interviews with the small Croatian minority in Janjevo, giving a broad view of the ethnic make-up within Kosovo. Amateur footage of Serbian police confiscating voting ballots after Albanians voted to set up their own government in Kosovo

Program about Milic od Macve, a Serbian surrealist painter and magician who calls himself the prince of vampires.

Program on the history, people, religion, and art of Croatia.

The broadcast focuses on the Bosnian city of Zenica during the war. Daily life in the besieged city is reflected on, showing destroyed buildings, the downtown market, and people waiting for food rations. The report highlights the ongoing problem of war profiteers stealing humanitarian aid and reselling it on the local market at prices few can afford. Refugees from surrounding villages are then shown giving testimonies to workers from the Zenica Documentation Center. The documentation center collects, records, and archives material evidence of war crimes in addition to the testimonies gathered, all in the hope that it will help build a case for an international tribunal. At the time of the report the ICTY had yet to be established. Ragib Hadzic, head of the Zenica Documentation Center, explains how the evidence is collected and the difficulties in working with the UN and other international organizations. Pictures and documents of accused perpetrators are shown with detail, including those of Veselin Nikolic. Prisoners are shown in the Zenica prison and some are interviewed.

This broadcast focuses on the role of NATO while some of the fiercest fighting was ongoing in Bosnia. American military interviewed on warships off the coast, examining the reality of NATO readiness in the case it is called into action.

Children in Sarajevo and their war frustrations. How the siege changed their lives and games they play. Several child soldiers are also shown.

This broadcast focuses on life in Serbia under international sanctions. The opinions vary from those of the new, rich elite, and those striving not to appear affected by the sanctions, to the poor, and those dependent upon the state such as pensioners. Also mentioned is the difference between the Serbs of Serbia proper and those who have come from Krajina and Bosnia. Included are statements by Staša Zajović, during Women in Black protest, and Vuk Bojovic of the Belgrade Zoo, among others.

This program depicts life in Mrkopalj village in Istra, where Croats and Serbs live peacefully together despite the raging war. Also depicted is Jasenak village where the Serbian majority lives with Croatian refugees from Eastern Slavonia. Interviews with village mayors, refugees and village inhabitants.

Program about Montenegro's political status while wars in Bosnia and Croatia are continuing, particularly relations between ethnic Montenegrins and Muslims.

Focus on Slovenia as an independent republic. Report on the economy and military of the region.

Russian Kosak soldiers who fight as mercenaries in the war for Serbia. Historic ties explored through shared religion, Slavic language, etc. Soldiers throughout their training are shown.

Life in Srebrenica as a UN-designated "Safe Area," before the final siege by the Bosnian Serbs. Refugees who have flooded the town from the surrounding areas are shown on the brink of starvation. UN troops are seen in various parts of the report distributing food and water, as well as cordoning off areas from the civilians and monitoring weapons confiscated from the Muslim defenders. Interviews are conducted with many of the refugees, as well as with UN personnel. The program is filled with footage of destruction throughout the city, accompanied by commentary on the dire living conditions. Medicine, food, water, and shelter are all described as being in extremely short supply. UN convoys are said to be blocked due to the Bosnian Serbs' encircling of the city.

Political and economic situation in Macedonia, particularly focusing on the presence of U.S. troops. Difference in social position between Macedonian Christians and Albanians; and ethnic tensions in Supa village (near the Macedonia/Albanian border). Statements by Macedonian President Kiro Gligorov, and members of the ethnic Macedonian and Albanian Macedonian communities.

A short report on Milan Panic's activities as a minister in the former Yugoslavia. Panic organizes a trip to Sarajevo in a push for peace. He designates white armbands as a symbol to be worn by all those who support peace in the region. After landing in Sarajevo with the media in tow, Panic's idealism is quickly grounded by the reality of the situation in Sarajevo. Panic is shown posing for cameras with Gen. Ratko Mladic, commander of the Bosnian Serb army, while promising that the shelling from the surrounding hills will cease on the following day. He then returns to Belgrade to board his own plane for meetings with the UN in New York. In closing, the report cites how fighting resumed as soon as Panic left Sarajevo.

This broadcast focuses on the suffering of children in the war in Bosnia, primarily in Sarajevo, and the physical and psychological injuries caused by war. Interviews are conducted with children in various places throughout the city, including one of Sarajevo's orphanages. The predicament of intellectually disabled children is also shown. Through a study of its youngest inhabitants, the reporters seek to dramatize the deteriorated condition of the city in the broadcast.

Focus of the program is Slavonski Brod. Includes statements from a number of refugees from Bosnia, and footage of refugee camps—Derventa and Zupanja are mentioned too.

This report focuses on Kosovo, one of the poorest regions of Europe, and its ethnic Albanian majority population. Interviews are held with Zivorad Igic, Serbian Governor of Kosovo, and Ibrahim Rugova, President of LDK for ethnic Albanians in Kosovo, detailing the political tension between ethnic Serbs and Albanians. The report focuses on the suppression of the ethnic Albanian majority by the Serbian state through the use of force. A section in the report shows Serbian Police attacking Albanian demonstrators. The Serbian regime's shutting-down of the Albanian language school system in Kosova is also explored, including interviews with students. The closing down of other state civilian institutions such as hospitals is also focused on. Other footage included: street life in Kosova; Albanian students receiving instruction in private homes; ethnic Albanian writers meeting in Pristina; and ethnic Albanian neighborhoods in Kosovo. Other interviews included: Dr. Sali Haxhiu, gynecologist; Agron Dida, LDK Delegate to the ethnic Albanian "shadow parliament" in Kosovo; and various Albanian civilians.

Karlovac has a historical significance for the Serbs as it was a border between the Ottoman Empire and Serbia. Since the war began the majority of the predominantly Croatian Serb population has fled to safer areas. Karlovac was also a key Yugoslav army post and ammunition storage during the old Yugoslavia. Interviews with remaining Karlovac residents.

Profiles Muslim warlord Juka Prazina and his men. Focus on how Juka has organized and trained his men to defend Sarajevo.

This broadcast focuses on Macedonia, the former republic of Yugoslavia, and its new-found independence. President Kiro Gligorov is interviewed throughout the report, discussing international recognition of Macedonia. The dispute between the Macedonian government and Greece is also highlighted, describing how each have laid claim to the title of Macedonia. The tension between ethnic Albanians and Macedonians is also discussed. The economic crisis in the region is explained, showing how Macedonia is ineligible for aid from international organizations because, as of this report, it had not yet been internationally recognized.

This report covers the political scene within Belgrade and throughout Serbia proper. The struggle for power between the government and the opposition is focused on as the election approaches. Statements and interviews are given by officials of the various political parties. Statements by Zoran Djindjic, Vuk Draskovic, and Belgrade student leaders. Footage of the Yugoslav army (JNA); Serbian Radical Party members; people waiting in line for gasoline; and student protesters handing out roses to Serbian police at March 8, 1992 demonstrations.

Report on life in Hrtkovci village (renamed Srboslavci) in the Srem area of Vojvodina, a village made up of ethnic Croats and Serbs. Local residents describe how nationalists are trying to cause animosity among Serbs and Croats who have lived together for hundreds of years. Statements by Serbs and Croats who want to live together; Serb police Chief Marinko Kresoja; Yugoslav Minister for Human Rights Momcilo Grubac, and Serbian volunteer soldier. Footage: Manjaca footage with BBC, Treci kanal, and RTS logos.

This broadcast focuses on the ethnic Hungarian minority in Vojvodina, a formerly autonomous region now controlled by Serbia. Ethnic Hungarians from the former Yugoslavia living in Budapest and Novi Sad, the capital of the region, are interviewed about the war. The plight of ethnic Hungarians in Vojvodina during the conflict is explored, showing how many face conscription to fight for a Serbian-controlled JNA, as well as their relationship to Hungary proper. Andras Agostan, leader of the ethnic Hungarians in Vojvodina, and Maja Gojkovic, representative for the Serbian Radical Party in the region, speak on the present situation there.

Program on Bosnian Army activities near Bihac. Some footage of military/paramilitary, and destruction of civil property. Potential witnesses? Military airport near Bihac.

Long interviews/testimonies about ethnic cleansing in Gorazde area by local Serbs. Refugees in camps and under open sky. Some graphic hospital scenes near the end. Potential witnesses?

This is a collage of two-minute reports from Sarajevo, beginning with the 637th day of siege. Each report focuses on different aspects of the everyday lives of the residents of one street, showing how people cope and survive in the city without electricity, water supplies, heating fuel, food, and medication—all the while under heavy shelling. Stories included show how elderly people are affected by the situation, how war has forced children to grow up early, how doctors live and work, how New Year's Eve is celebrated, how Sarajevans cope with fear, how the humanitarian aid is distributed, women speaking about having babies during the war, and their efforts to maintain a pleasant appearance.

This is a collage of two-minute reports from Sarajevo, beginning with the 671st day of siege. Each report focuses on different aspects of everyday life of the residents of one street, showing how they cope with losing loved ones in massacres, how they deal with the lack of food, how children get education during the war, how elderly people cope, how pre-natal classes are organized for pregnant women, residents awaiting NATO intervention on the Serb positions, and how people's lives are improved by the NATO ultimatum that resulted in Serbs withdrawing their heavy artillery around Sarajevo.

Child victims of the war. Children in cramped living conditions, injured children in hospitals, how the children are affected by the war. Some civilian destruction, military personnel present.

Children seen drawing the war from their varying perspectives. In many cases we see the art alone. The precision and detail of their drawings is chilling.

Refugee camp in Karlovac, Croatia. A UNHCR worker interviews some of 755 refugees who have just arrived from Manjaca camp; the second group of detainees to be released. Most still have family members in the camp.

This film features Jandranka Cigelj, a Bosnian Croat attorney from Prijedor, who was in Omarska and now gathers testimony of survivors to assist the International War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague. She and Nusreta Sivac, a Muslim judge also from Prijedor, work together to document what they and other women like them endured in the war. Roy Gutman, a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist, mentions rape incidents in Foca, where women were raped in the sports hall located right next to the police station. Interviews with many women are conducted, detailing their experiences of rape, torture, and maltreatment during the war.

A French news report featuring footage of courts and judges, as well as an interview with Professor Bassiouni—no war footage is included.

Profiles three Americans and their efforts to provide aid in the former Yugoslavia. Diane, a wife and mother of two from Baltimore, gave six months to be a Red Cross volunteer. Toby, a 20ish male from D.C. drives refugees to safety for the UN. Sonjia, who has served in the U.S. military, works as a UN Medivac coordinator, airlifting critically injured victims out of the country.

Discussion of War Tribunals: both the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. In one part of the show, Professor Bassiouni is interviewed.

This film is about the Serbian Volunteer Guard, formed by Arkan (Zeljko Raznjatovic) on October 11, 1990. Its tasks are to defend the Serbian people and to preserve Serbian values and Serbian unity. - Arkan is shown speaking to his soldiers before a fight urging them to keep up their morale, at a funeral giving a eulogy, and planning an attack on an area near Vukovar and Borovo Naselje; "Tigers" fighting in Luzac and Laslovo in November 1992, after which the Serbs took over control of these two towns. 00:29:00- Arkan shown strategizing an attack on Luzac (November 2, 1991) where he outlines what the army is responsible for and what his unit is expected to do. Direct reference to Arkan's units cooperation with the Yugoslav army (JNA); Arkan's speech in Luzac in 1992 where he describes how Luzac was liberated from the Croatian army; "Tigers" entering Laslovo on November 25, 1991. A Laslovo resident praises Arkan one year later at a ceremony; Interview with Borislav Pelevic- Interview with Zeljko Stanvukovic, who talks about why he joined the Guard, and how the Guard is trained; Arkan in a church with his Guard soldiers being baptized; Arkan asking a little boy to sing the "Tigers" song.

November 1990: unearthing of bones of women and children thrown into a pit near Medjugorje by Ustasa in August 1941.

A policeman and his daughter live in Revolution Boulevard, which consists of Oriental and European elements. The girl falls in love with a young man, a member of Belgrade mafia. Her father confronts him, each of them trying to win her affection. Their clash ends in tragedy.

Program on the establishment of the Serbian Democratic Party in Kninska Krajina, Croatia. Long historical digressions. A portrait of Jovan Raskovic, the first president of SDP.

Military songs. Lot of background war scenes. Vocal Rodoljub Vulovic Roki.

Nationalistic speech by Marijan Juric, Deputy of the Croatian Democratic Union party in the Croatian Parliament.

Serbian refugees from Vukovar, Banija, Bosnian Kostajnica, forced to leave by Croats, tell their stories.

This tape has three parts: 1) Croats take over the towns Kijevo and Bjelo Brdo, refugees and witnesses tell their stories, civilian destruction, and tortured bodies; 2) refugees tell their stories; and 3) a historical review of Croatia.

An explanation of the war in Bosnia from a Serbian point of view, blaming just one side. Refugees and witnesses tell their stories. Many dead civilians.

Montenegrin version of the theme of "imaginary invalid."

Corpses after massacre; victims testimonies; and paramilitary and civilians shown loading the bodies of civilians on and off of trucks.

This tape features hand-held footage of Serbian troops in action, including destruction of civilian property, tortured corpses, and bodies in rivers.

This film focuses on atrocities committed in the former Yugoslavia. Death camp footage from Bosnia is featured, including interviews with rape victim Nusreta and Jadranka from the Prijedor area. The JNA generals and forces are discussed, as well as the paramilitary units of Vojislav Seselj and Zeljko Raznatovic Arkan: the White Eagles and the Tigers, respectively. Civilian destruction is shown in Vukovar, Stupni Do, and other areas. Civilians describe atrocities they witnessed, supplemented by footage of dead bodies. Additional interviews with many other experts.

Betsy Dribben interviews Muslim refugees, survivors of ethnic cleansing, living in the Resnik refugee camp, Croatia. Nijaz Hadzic, a survivor from Omarska prison camp, says that he witnessed the murder of other inmates. He mentions Dusko Tadic. An incident when one inmate was forced to bite off the testicles of another inmate is described. A woman tells of how she was forced to leave her home—the rest of her testimony is incoherent. Footage of Resnik refugee camp, children playing. There are about 60 women, refugees from Bosnia, who volunteer in a kitchen within the refugee camp. One of them briefly speaks about their work.

The first part consists of interviews with prisoners of war forcefully mobilized by the Yugoslav Army near Tuzla. Refugee photos and interviews; an Arabic language narrative of the first months of the war.

Zehra Turijacanin, a Bosnian Muslim female from Visegrad, tells of how she was burned by the Serbs.

Two males and one female, survivors of Omarska, Keraterm, and Trnopolje prison camps, give brief testimony of the atrocities they witnessed.

From a Muslim viewpoint, an appeal to Muslims worldwide to help through various relief agencies. Refugees, military personnel, civilian and cultural destruction, bodies, mass graves, and a great deal of suffering are all shown.

The first few minutes are of a deserted Mostar, with civilian destruction. Most of the rest of the tape is of soldiers in woods, rigging explosive devices.

Footage of soldiers involved in various activities: at a graveside service, talking, and sitting around a table.

Contents will have to be identified. French production.

Sarajevo's burned-out national library; burned-out and destroyed trams and trains; two men in black uniforms trying to explain why the Olympic stadium was shelled; destroyed Olympic skating ring; Olympic stadium - a woman living across the stadium describes in the background how the stadium was shelled and how it burned; 00:18:00 - destroyed Kosovo hospital from outside with Red Cross flag on top; 00:26:00 - inside of bombed out Kosovo hospital; 00:33:00 - man describes how Hotel Evropa was shelled when it was found out it was housing around 700 refugees; inside of destroyed Hotel Evropa; 00:39:00 - village Orahovci (Visegrad area) where Muslim houses are being burned down; damaged minaret; 00:44:58 - woman, then a man, from Rozaci village talks about Muslim houses deliberately destroyed by Bosnian Serb army - names former Serb neighbors who participated in the raids; 00:56:00 - medical worker from Visegrad (Mikavac) talks about Bosnian Serb attacks and the taking away of Bosnian Muslim men; identifies Milan Lukic as the commander of Bosnian Serb forces and several of his soldiers; talks about being interrogated by Lukic; describes how he survived execution by Lukic's men; 01:17:29 - statement by an elderly man from Cajnice county about how the Bosnian Serb army destroyed and burned his village; identifies Dusko Kornjaca (former mayor of Cajnice), White Eagle commanders Novak Todorovic and Srbo Stanic as leaders of soldiers; lists all Muslim villages burned; 01:19:50 - Visegrad woman having her burned hands cleaned and bandaged; describes how she was taken from her home to Bajina Basta; she was the only one out of 70 people who survived being burned alive in a house by Bosnian Serb forces.

Continuation of the interview with the badly burned woman (same person as cassette #250) and five–six others from Višegrad who give testimony (among them Aziz Beširović, Dejan Čolić, and Fahrudin Bećirović).

Interview with Hasan Meseldžić, dentist in Višegrad health center. He witnessed Serb military forces' atrocities committed between April 4 and June 18, 1992—among them hundreds of murders at the Drina bridge. He describes cases of Hasan Brko on June 12, his own on June 16, and Dr Derviš Barjakarević. Mass murderer Milan Lukić mentioned, and General Dragoljub Ojdanić described as allowing soldiers to loot the houses. A Serb from the village near Ilidža, a captive, tells of weapons delivered, and of the organization of the local military unit.

Continuation of tape #257. Interviews with captives, the older man; Šurlanovac Bogdan, from Kakanj; and a middle-aged man in uniform. The next is Avdić Hakija, a youth in a leather jacket, and an older blond woman from Vogošća.

Testimony of Slavko Jovanović about looting TAS car factory in Vogošća and the morale on the line. The first 10 minutes is audio only. Continuation of the interview with last woman from tape #258. Then Sretko Damjanović from Vogošće, captured in November 1992. Children from Sarajevo talk on their own war experiences.

Continuation of tape #259. A boy describes how he and his mother were forced by Serb military forces to collect dead bodies at the front. Various other children are interviewed.

Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children delegation arrival in Sarajevo.

Shots of devastated Sarajevo made during the Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children visit.

Shots made during the Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children visit to Zagreb, Slavonski Brod, and refugee camp Gasinci, near Đakovo.

Commission of Experts tour of Sarajevo and Central Bosnia, including visits to Dobrinja, Oslobođenje, Koševo hospital, Old Town, Zenica, Tuzla, and a brief look at Ahmići.

Shot made during the Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children visit to the village of Ahmići, near Zenica, the place of a massacre of civilians.

Tvrtko Kulenović, Bosnian writer, contemplates the theme of death, combined with shots of destroyed Sarajevo (The National Library burning), Mladić, Karadžić, Milošević, Borislav Herak. Interviews with victims of war.

Western journalists, Ejup Ganić, Haris Silajdžić, Warren Christopher, and General Lewis MacKenzie talk about the lack of involvement of the West in the Bosnian conflict and the lack of force/action taken by the UN against the Serbs. They talk about how there were attempts to make the world believe that the Muslims were committing atrocities on the same level as the Serbs were, but no evidence to that effect was found.

Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter flies to Sarajevo to negotiate a four-month cease fire with the warring parties.

Major-General Lewis MacKenzie's personal account of his peacekeeping experiences, including Bosnia. The film is based on his book "Peacekeeper: The Road to Sarajevo."

News focusing mainly on the winter conditions in Sarajevo during a temporary cease-fire.

The BBC's Foreign Affairs Editor John Simpson critically examines the controversial peacekeeping mission of General Sir Michael Rose, commander of UN troops in Bosnia. The questions of UN Safe Areas, and of how the UN dealt with the situation in Bihać and Goražde under General Rose's command, are posed. General Rose is interviewed extensively, as to the Safe Areas, the role of UN Peacekeepers, and the future implications for the UN.

A story on the production group SaGA and their films on everyday life in besieged Sarajevo. Soros activities to help the people in Sarajevo. Ademir Kenović and George Soros interviewed.

Short clip about a CIA report which confirms that 90% of the atrocities in former Yugoslavia were committed by Serbs. Includes some footage of camps and military personnel. Asst. Sec. of State Richard Holbrook presents the report. There is a Segment of a speech by Defense Secretary Perry, and an interview with Bob Dole.

The report focuses on areas of ongoing fighting, showing civilian victims and destroyed towns. UN soldiers are interviewed, as well as numerous politicians involved with the conflict. An update on peace negotiations for Bosnia in London.

Investigation into the mysterious death of the Swiss journalist Christian Wurtenberg and how it related to his work in exposing covert backers of the war in Croatia. Julio Cesar Alonzo, a Spanish journalist, makes allegations and attempts to reconstruct how the Croatian International Brigade Commander, Eduardo Rosa Flores, killed Wurtenberg.

This report deals with UN soldiers from Spain, in and around Mostar, and their experiences and understanding of the conflict between the Bosnians and the Croatians.

On the Vance-Owen peace plan and ethnic cleansing in Bosnia.

A quick overview of the historical roots of tension between the two communities. Includes a short segment with Franjo Tuđman.

Panel discussion on the media situation in Sarajevo. Interviews with journalists from printed and electronic media in Sarajevo on their work and reporting in war conditions. Guests in the studio: Predrag Matvejević, Zlatko Dizdarević, and Mirsada Šakić-Hatibović.

On the historical background of the conflict in Bosnia.

This broadcast focuses on children from Bosnia and the effect that war has had on them. Refugee children are filmed and interviewed from various regions in Bosnia. The mothers and children interviewed give testimony of rape, torture, and murder. Malnourished, abused, sick, and diseased children are discussed and shown throughout the report.

Report on the shelling of villages and towns in Western Slavonia. Report on fighting around Okučani and Trnava village between JNA and Croatian forces. Found weapons and packages with narcotics. Miodrag Popov reports from Mirkovci on Croatian paramilitary forces attacks from Pakrac and Lipik. TVNS: cut-off beginning. Report on fighting in Krajina. Serbian Volunteer Guard soldiers, Dragan Petrović, Nenad Marković, and Sava Stanković, receive award from Arkan. RTB: Nikola Deretić reports on heavy fighting in the Lipik and Western Slavonia area between JNA and Croatian forces. 00:08:10 RTB: Interview with JNA soldier nicknamed "Okac." Interview with Serbian soldier named Dejan. 00:09:10 Croatian forces desecrate "their own" graveyard in Bogićevci village (near Okučani). TVSA: Serbian police confiscate ammunition and military supplies from Albanian extremists in Kosovo. 00:10:14 RTB: Cut-off interview with JNA Commander Ljubivoje Pantelić-Grom. 00:10:26
3KTVB: JNA forces seize Seovice and Skenderovci villages in Western Slavonia. Report from Banija frontlines. Interview with tank commander Miroslav Simić. 00:12:06 Brief, cut-off interview with JNA Captain Anton Gustović. 00:12:16 Report on fighting in Western Slavonia where Banja Luka corps and Territorial Defense Forces-Okučani have put themselves under JNA command. BBC (broadcast on 3K): Report on heavy fighting in Turanj area; a Croatian cameraman is killed by a mortar shell. 00:13:45
3SAT (broadcast on TVNS): Brief, cut-off report on Albanian military training tank personnel with model tanks and planes. 00;16:20 Cut-off report on JNA forces entering Toranjci village. TVSA (broadcast on TV Politika): Report on vandalized police station in Sarajevo, TV crew travelling towards Sarajevo airport. 00:20:40 Cut-off report on Holiday Inn shooting in Sarajevo. 00:21:00 TVNS, RTB: Reports on Novi Sad Corps on frontlines in Slavonia. 00:2:27 RTB: Bosnian Serb government splits with Bosnian Croat/Muslim government. Armed men patrolling Sarajevo streets. 00:24:47 TVNS: Report on fighting in Mostar. 00:26:00 RTB: JNA commander shows the mutilated bodies of 28 Serbs in Kupres. Interview with captured soldiers of the Territorial Defense Forces-Tomislavgrad (former Duvno). 00:28:12 RTB: Cut-off report on tense situation of Sarajevo; snipers active. TVNS: Interview with JNA soldier on enemy forces in Mostar area. 00:31:32 RTB: Use amateur footage shot April 4, 1992. Croatian forces attack JNA positions from Hungary proper. Croatian snipers use Eperješ border crossing in Hungary to shoot at JNA guards at Đuro Salaj border crossing. TVNS: Croatian forces leave behind mangled bodies of Serbian civilians in Gornji and Donji Malovan. BBC (broadcast on 3K): Report on Arkan's forces in Zvornik. Bosnian Muslim refugees fleeing Zvornik area. RTS: Report on Zvornik, Arkan's forces escorting Muslim families out of town. Commentator talks about how Western media presented all the civilian casualties as Muslims, but who later turned out to be Serbs. 00:37:00 RTB/TV POLITIKA: Report on fighting around Gornji i Donji Malovan. RTB: Sniper shoots a "Večernje novosti" reporter in Vukovar; two reporters from the newspaper die in a short period of time. Arkan filmed during military operations in Slavonia in 1991.

Film on Arkan leading military operations in Slavonia continues from the previous cassette (# 277).

Program, presenter Zoran Ostojić talks with Radovan Bigović, theologian.

Youth club in Pakrac built by international aid. UN troops secure supply and safety for Maglaj. Truce in Lašva Valley between Muslims and Croats. "Ask UNPROFOR" program. UN Special Representative Yasushi Akashi answers questions on the future of UN mission in Bosnia and Croatia. After Serb army attack on UN protected area of Goražde, UN convoy led by Sergio de Mello managed to achieve cease-fire. De Mello interviewed on safe areas in Bosnia. On Dutch battalion stationed in Metković, which provides supply delivery to people in Bosnia. "UN Fire Brigade" operations in Sarajevo. "Video Letters," program aimed to reestablish contacts between people from different sides of the front. "Sisters of Mostar," on divided city and reestablished possibility to cross from one part of the other. "Refugee Crisis Update," on refugees in the area of Velika Kladuša. "European Union under Attack," attack on the apartment of Hans Koschnick, UN administrator for Mostar on September 11. "Aim for Peace," an anti-sniping agreement in Sarajevo, signed on August 21, made one step forward toward normal life possible. “Ethnic Cleansing,” on mass expulsion of people from Bosnian Serb-controlled areas of Bijeljina and Banjaluka in August and September 1994. They were pushed out into Tuzla region.

Continued from the previous tape. "West Mostar," on disastrous consequences of the war in the divided Mostar. "Video Letters," child from a refugee camp in Macedonia writes a letter to her father who stayed in Bosnia.

"A Closer Look: Turkbat", on Turkish Battalion in Zenica. "UN Day", celebration of October 24, the Day of UN in its headquarters in Zagreb. "Turanj Update", on refugees from the Bosnian enclave of Bihac at the camp of Turanj, near Kalovac, Croatia. "Video Letters", Belgrade actor Janez Vrhovec writes to friends in Rovinj. "The Re-opening of Dubrovnik Port". "Colorful Wall", on the program of Sarajevo Radio "Zid" created by children. "Najnovije iz Turnja", one of the previous reports in Croatian. "Observation", on observation post "Tango", near Tuzla, one of 230 such monitoring post throughout the Former Yugoslavia. "Lašva Valley: Beyond Cease-fire", May visit of UNTV crew to the region of cease-fire between Bosnians and Croats. "Video Letter", Academy of Dramatic Art student from Zagreb writes to his colleagues in Sarajevo. "Crisis Talks", after NATO air strikes at Udbina airfield on November 20, Yasushi Akashi comes to Belgrade for emergency talks with Slobodan Milošević and Milan Martić about the crisis in Bihać area. "Video Letter", Julijana, a refugee living in Gaza camp in Karlovac writes to a friend in Slunj. "UNPROFOR in Crisis", interview with Michael Williams, spokesman for Yasushi Akashi on situation in crisis areas. "Boutros-Ghali in Sarajevo". "Returning to Fojnica", on refugees divided by the separation line after cease-fire agreement. "Signing", agreement between Croatian government and local Serbs in Knin on water and electricity supply. "Video Letters", from Gornji Vakuf. "Bugojno Agri-Business", on agencies providing aid in central Bosnia, among them Action International Contre la Faim, USA. "Video Letter", from Bugojno to Banja Luka.

"War Crime Tribunal", ICTY Chief Prosecutor Richard Goldston on October 3 visits the region. "Video Letter", Antonija is now living in Međugorje and writes to her friends in Sarajevo. "Protected Village", UN protected area near Benkovac, Croatia. "Video Letter", Danijela from Zagreb writes to her uncle and aunt in Brčko. "Macedonian Elections", on the first presidential and parliamentary elections in Macedonia on October 16. "A Marriage made in Heaven", on the alliance between UNPROFOR and NATO in the no-fly zone. "Assistance Misused", on fights between Fikret Abdić forces and central government troops in Velika Kladuša area. "Video Letters", Salko is a refugee from Bosnia, living in Hvar. "Sarajevo Air Strike" against Serb forces surrounding Sarajevo who haven't complied with the artillery removal agreement. "Video Letters", Ivan is a theatre director from Mostar. He is living in Belgrade and is writing to a friend who is a refugee in England. “Novska”, on August 1, 1994, 250 refugees from Banja Luka arrived to a camp near Novska, Croatia. They are protected by Jordanian battalion. "Video Letters", Kole Jordanovski is a former resident of Sarajevo, now living in Macedonia. He is writing to his sister to Sarajevo. "RUSBAT-2", Russian parachute battalion assigned to patrol in Grbavica, one of the most dangerous areas in Sarajevo. They monitor two heavy weapons collection points.

"Preventative Peacekeeping", UN peace mission in Macedonia. "Security in Sarajevo", civilians terrorized by Serb forces surrounding the city (no audio). "Video Letters", Bill Tribe from the UK worked as an English teacher in Sarajevo and writes to his former students.

Raw material of UN monitoring mission on the border between Serbia and Macedonia, at Čupino brdo, which both sides have claimed it is on their own territory. As a result of a mission, after a few weeks of tensions a one kilometer buffer zone was established.

Raw material of the "Rusbat-2" program on a Russian battalion assigned to monitor two heavy weapons collection points near Sarajevo, according to the cease-fire agreement.

Raw material of refugees from Bijeljina accommodated in Tuzla collection centers; they were forced to leave by Serb paramilitary forces, often robbed before that. Shots of Tuzla airport. Representatives of the Read Cross interviewed about their activities in Tuzla region.

Interviews with passersby, possibly in Skopje, on ethnic tensions in Macedonia, and an Albanian-language university being established in Tetovo. Raw material from "Macedonian Elections" and "Let there be Light" programs.

"Preventative Peacekeeping", UN peace mission in Macedonia. "Census", between June 21 and July 11 a comprehensive census was conducted in Macedonia. This was to provide exact information about the actual ethnic figures and in advance it provoked lot of political dispute and interpretations. “Novska”, on August 1, 1994, 250 refugees from Banja Luka arrived to a camp near Novska, Croatia. They are protected by Jordanian battalion. "Rusbat-2", Russian parachute battalion stations in Rusbat-2 army base assigned to patrol in Grbavica, one of the most dangerous areas in Sarajevo. They monitor two heavy weapons collection points and also perform anti-sniping duties. "Ethnic Cleansing", on mass expulsion of people from Bosnian Serb controlled areas of Bijeljina and Banjaluka in August and September 1994. They were pushed out into Tuzla region. "Let there be Light", in September 1994 Sarajevo suffered a complete breakdown of utilities. It was left without electricity, gas, and water supplies for 14 days in a row. Also William Eagleton, UN Special Coordinator for Sarajevo, speaks about restoration of communal services and freedom of movement in Sarajevo after cease-fire agreement. "Macedonian Elections", on October 16 in Macedonia, the first round of presidential and parliamentary elections were organized; 38 parties stood for election and the main issue was security of the country. "Video Letter" written by Boža Luković, leader of Serbian brass orchestra "Dragačevo", and Srđan Gojković Gile, frontman of the Belgrade-based rock band "Electric orgasm". "Video Letters", from Devla Rustem, a 62-year-old Bosnian living in a Red Cross Refugee center in Macedonia. "UN Day", celebration of October 24, the Day of UN in its headquarters in Zagreb.

Raw material of the opening of Tuzla airport. Opened by Yasushi Akashi, who also visits the hospital. "The Fall of Abdić", rebel Muslim leader Fikret Abdić proclaimed the independence of the Velika Kladuša region in Northwest Bosnia. On August 31, the Bosnian army took control of the whole Bihać pocket, which resulted in the exodus of about 25,000 people. "Special Report from Velika Kladuša", on the situation after the Bosnian army took control of the area. "Plitvice Lakes", national park in Croatia being revitalized by UN units. "Ask UNPROFOR", Yasushi Akashi answers the questions of common people. "Census", between June 21 and July 11 a comprehensive census was conducted in Macedonia. This was to provide exact information about actual ethnic figures, and in advance it provoked lot of political dispute and interpretations.

"The Good Hosts", more than half a million displaced persons found a new home in Serbia and Montenegro from 1991. 95% of refugees are lodged with host families. "Video Letter" written by Boža Luković, leader of Serbian brass orchestra "Dragačevo". "Mount Igman", now part of the UN demilitarized zone, a buffer between Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian government armies; the area is monitored by a French battalion. "Video Letters", written by Svetlana, a refugee from Kakanj now living in a refugee camp in Serbia, to her friend back in Kakanj. "Igalo", on a rehabilitation project for children injured during the war in Bosnia. They are treated in the Igalo hospital, Montenegro. "Video Letters": Jelena left Sarajevo two years ago and now lives in Zagreb. She writes to her family and friends in Sarajevo. "Let there be Light", in September 1994, Sarajevo suffered a complete breakdown of utilities. It was left without electricity, gas, and water supplies for 14 days in a row. Also William Eagleton, UN Special Coordinator for Sarajevo, speaks about restoration of communal services and freedom of movement in Sarajevo after cease-fire agreement. "Video Letter", children from Sarajevo write to her former schoolmate Sanela, who in 1992 left for Australia. "The work of the French Battalion in Bihać". "Video Letters", Martina, a schoolchild from Zagreb, writes to her grandfather in Hrvatska Kostajnica. "Female Patrol", Corporal Caroline Burgess, from the Royal Military Police, describes her daily routine while being on duty in Prozor, Bosnia. "Video Letters", Ferid lives in Zenica and is writing to his brother in Croatia.

"Assistance Misused", refugee camp in Velika Kladuša after the fall of the autonomous area proclaimed by Fikret Abdić. "Video Letters", Salko is a refugee from Bosnia living in Hvar, Croatia. "Crisis Talks", after NATO air strikes at Udbina airfield on November 20, Yasushi Akashi comes to Belgrade for emergency talks with Slobodan Milošević and Milan Martić about the crisis in Bihać area. "Video Letters", Julijana, a refugee living in Gaza camp in Karlovac writes to a friend in Slunj. "Signing", agreement between Croatian government and local Serbs in Knin on water and electricity supply. "Video Letters", from Gornji Vakuf. "Endless Aid", on November 9, UN humanitarian agencies launched an appeal to the international community asking for money to finance the humanitarian operation in the Former Yugoslavia. "Video Letters", from Devla Rustem, a 62-year-old Bosnian living in a Red Cross Refugee center in Macedonia. "Highway Reopens", for the first time in the last three years a road that connects Zagreb and Belgrade is open. "Video Letters" from Srđan Gojković Gile, frontman of the Belgrade-based rock band "Electric orgasm". "Rusbat-2", Russian parachute battalion assigned to patrol in Grbavica, one of the most dangerous areas in Sarajevo. They monitor two heavy weapons collection points and also perform anti-sniping duties. "Video Letters", a message recorded on November 1, 1994, during an All Saints ceremony in a Catholic graveyard in Ilok. Reactions of people in Knin on Tuđman's decision to terminate the mandate of UNPROFOR in Croatia. Interviews with Yugoslav foreign minister Vladislav Jovanović, Zoran Đinđić i Milan Božić on the reactions to this issue. "Video Letters", Gordana, an actress, now refugee located in Zagreb writes to her friends.

Albanian miners strike against Serbian repression in 1989. Kosovo Albanians demonstrate for civil rights and against Serbian repression. Speech by Milosevic on Kosovo ("can't hear what you're saying, but let me answer your question") to Kosovo Serbs. Serbian police beating up Albanian protesters in the streets. Injured civilians in the hospital. Funerals of Albanian civilians killed in skirmishes with police. Serbian police throwing tear gas at protesters, chasing them along the streets. Serbian police taking over the Albanian language TV station in Priština, and the "Ilirija" newspaper.

In this documentary, Canadian writer Michael Ignatieff travels to Croatia and Serbia to define the meaning of nationalism in the former Yugoslavia. Nationalism is a dream to be a master in one's own house, but it brings out the worst in people. He visits the highway of Brotherhood and Unity connecting Croatia and Serbia, Jasenovac (concentration camp during WWII held by fascist Croatia), Serbian enclaves in Croatia, destroyed Vukovar, and Belgrade. Archival footage used. Also, civilians and soldiers from both sides interviewed.

This special report by Peter Jennings focuses on how the UN failed in Bosnia, both diplomatically and militarily. Bihać, Goražde, and Sarajevo are focused upon, as well as Mostar. Civilian destruction is displayed throughout the documentary. UNHCR officials are interviewed, showing a gap between their observations and that of the military wing of the UN. A history of the how and when the UN became involved in the Balkans is provided, and NATO's relationship during the conflict is explored as well. There are extensive interviews with Sir Michael Rose, NATO Admiral Leighton Smith, Senator Bob Dole, UN Ambassador Madeleine Albright, UN employee Ed Joseph, Larry Hollingworth, Aryeh Neier, and Peter Deck, among others.

A documentary on the war and destruction in Bosnia and Herzegovina by Bernard Henri-Levy, with an in-depth study on the cause and effects of the war in Bosnia up to 1994. The first days of the siege in Sarajevo are reconstructed in close detail, including telephone conversations of Bosnian Serb General Mladić telling his personnel to fire on various targets in and around the city. Soldiers and civilians are interviewed, attempting to show the psyche of a war-torn people. Victims of prison camps and ethnic cleansing are filmed and interviewed. The Bread Line and Water Line Massacres are also featured.

A documentary on the war and destruction in Bosnia and Herzegovina by Bernard Henri-Levy, with an in-depth study on the cause and effects of the war in Bosnia up to 1994. The first days of the siege in Sarajevo are reconstructed in close detail, including telephone conversations of Bosnian Serb General Mladić telling his personnel to fire on various targets in and around the city. Soldiers and civilians are interviewed, attempting to show the psyche of a war-torn people. Victims of prison camps and ethnic cleansing are filmed and interviewed. The Bread Line and Water Line Massacres are also featured.

News reports on military operations in Croatia and Bosnia. Rare footage of Arkan in the field, fighting with members of his volunteer guard at the beginning of war in areas of Croatia.

Two Bosnian Serb women, victims of rape, featured. J.I. (age 28, from Bosnia), describes how she had to leave Croatia and how Serb women from Kninska Krajina were tortured and raped by Croats, she calls them Ustashi, and Muslims in Slavonski Brod and Odžak. J.I. was pregnant and didn't want to see her child when it was born. S.K. (age 20 from Sarajevo) describes how she was held captive in Pofalići, in a prison run by Ismet Bajramović, "Ćelo," who raped her. S.K. was also pregnant and gave birth to a child. Two doctors from Belgrade hospitals speak of late pregnancies ending in abortions and the traumas endured by victims of rape.

"Security in Sarajevo", civilians terrorized by Serb forces surrounding the city. "Video Letters", Bill Tribe from the UK worked as an English teacher in Sarajevo and writes to his former students. "A Woman's Place", women's centers in divided Mostar provide support for women through group therapies or workshops. "War Trauma", Rijeka Clinical Hospital conducts therapy program for people traumatized by the war. "Živili", Baranja as a home of multiethnic and multicultural community. "ECM Monitors", one of the first reactions of the international community to the war in former Yugoslavia was to send an unarmed contingent of observers. That was in Slovenia in July 1991. Two and a half years later there are more than 300 European monitors in the region. "Video Letters", Ivan is a schoolchild in Zagreb. He writes to an unknown friend. "Embargo", more than three years of international community sanctions towards Yugoslavia have had a devastating effect. In an attempt to bring Bosnian Serbs to the negotiating table, an embargo is imposed on Bosnian Serbs too. "Mine Awareness", an educational film on the land mines threat to the civilian population. "War Crimes Tribunal", Richard Goldstone, Prosecutor, interviewed on the cases led by the Tribunal. For illustration, the cases of Bosnian Serbs Dušan Tadić—charged with involvement in ethnic cleansing in Prijedor and several murders in Omarska detention camp in 1992—and Dragan Nikolić—charged with torture and killing of prisoners of war in the detention camp near Vlasenica—are mentioned. "Building on Peace", a comprehensive cease-fire agreement concluded on December 23, 1994, brought long awaited, but fragile peace in Bosnia. Opening Sarajevo airport and roads will enable for food shortages to be eliminated.

"Peace Plan on the Table", international community proposal for political solution in Croatia refused by Serbs in Knin. "Video Letters", Mirjana Bobić-Mojsilović, a journalist from Belgrade, writes about what Serbs miss from Croatia. "On Igman", a French battalion monitors the demilitarized zone on mountains around Sarajevo. "Across the Barricade", divided Pakrac, in West Slavonija, a few months before Croatian military intervention began (operations "Bljesak / Flash" and "Oluja / Storm"). "Tešanj", town in Central Bosnia, where after heavy conflicts aid convoys are being escorted by British soldiers. "Video Letters", Dobrivoje is living in Mostar, and writes to his parents in Belgrade. "Vitez De-mining", hundreds civilians killed and thousands injured by mines. Millions of mines still remain in the ground. UNPROFOR tries to lift mines in Vitez area. "Keeping the Lights on", Breza mine is opened again (no audio). "Mr. Akashi in Knin", talks about relationship between Zagreb and Knin. Milan Martić's and Milan Babić's statements. "Separation Zone", after signing agreement on March 29, 1994, separation zones were established in troubled areas in Croatia. "Sisters of Mostar", on divided city and reestablished possibility of crossing from one part to the other. "Video Letters", Tanja lives in west Mostar. She is writing a letter to her sister Dubravka who lives in Žepče. "UNPROFOR ide kući?", Croatian President Franjo Tuđman forwarded a letter to UN Secretary General, Boutros Boutros Ghali, informing him of Croatia's decision to terminate the UNPROFOR mandate on March 31, 1995.

Lokal television from Zenica, Zetel, reports on the war in Bosnia, predominantly on Mostar. Its bridges were all destroyed so far except the Old bridge.

A Muslim refugee from a village near Bosanski Petrovac testifies to persecution by Serb forces in mid June. Lists names of civilians executed and describes how other civilians suffered. Also mentions names of perpetrators, his neighbors, like Mirko Kerkez, Zdravko Srećo, and his brother Nina, Rade Latinović, Čedo Pećanac, Željko Ćosić, Veselka Kecman, and others. Other refugees are Derviša Kananović from Velečevo village, near Ključ; Fata Šabaz from Kamičani; Husnija Vukić from Bosanski Petrovac; and Asmir Ajupović from Prijedora also testify to robberies and killings.

A collage of reports, including a report from Pale, focused on the Bosnian Serb referendum on the Vance/Owen peace plan. This plan proposes a division of Bosnia into 10 semi-autonomous provinces along ethnic lines, with a difficult mechanism for the return of two million displaced people. Bosnian Serbs refused to sign the plan and Serbia, in turn, sealed its border with Bosnia. Reactions to the peace plan and the Bosnian Serb referendum, and Croat-Muslim conflict in Herzegovina discussed. Statements included: Slaviša Raković (advisor to Karadžić), David Owen (EC Envoy), Radovan Karadžić (Bosnian Serb leader), Haris Silajdžić, (Bosnian Foreign Minister), President Bill Clinton, and Senator Joseph Biden (Foreign Rel. Comm.).

A study of Serbian and Croatian nationalism, and how it has fueled the war, by Jackie Shymanski of CNN. There are interviews with individuals and professionals from all three ethnic groups. History of the Croatian Ustashi discussed briefly. Michael Ingatieff interviewed on ethic identities. Bosnian conflict focused upon, and how it was fueled by nationalism spilling over from the war between Croatia and Serbia. Vukovar, Sarajevo, and Mostar highlighted with much civilian destruction shown.

CNN correspondents reporting at the time of Bihać offensive and possible withdrawal of the UN troops from Bosnia. UNPROFOR mission is reexamined. Interviews: Michael Rose, UN Commander; Ejup Ganić, Bosnian Vice President; Boutros Boutros-Ghali at the press conference in Sarajevo; and Thant Myint-U, UNPROFOR, spokesman. Statements by Radovan Karadžić; Haris Silajdžić, Bosnian Prime Minister; Laurence Martin, Royal Institute of International Affairs; John Major, British Prime Minister; David Owen; Warren Christopher, Secretary of State; Shashi Tharoor, UN official; Ed Luck, UN Assn. of USA; and Jeanne Kirkpatrick, Former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations.

As the crisis in the former Yugoslavia deepens, Ted Koppel interviews various experts to get their opinion of the recent escalation of war.

Program profiles UN Navy special submarine "James Polk."

Milan Panić is interviewed by a KCAL News anchor about the situation in Bosnia (in 1992). The interview starts off with a brief history of Bosnia's ethnic and religious history, as well as an explanation about the most recent conflict. Panić discusses the possible American involvement in Bosnia and the consequences it might have. He states that President Clinton is the only person who can bring the warlords to the negotiation table. Panić explains why he believes the solution to the conflict to be economic, not military. He also gives an account of Serbia's 1992 false election, and the need for people who would teach Yugoslavs about the concept of democracy. Images of UN soldiers held hostage shot by amateur camera are available, as well as Sarajevo being bombed.

Graphic shots of dead bodies, crushed skulls, corpses with ears, eyes, and 0toes cut off: all acts committed against Yugoslav Army soldiers and civilians by Croatian nationalists at the beginning of the conflict in Croatia. Discussion of torture, life in the refugee camps, the selling of body parts for weapons, and the murder of journalists.

Interview with CNN correspondent Christianne Amanpour, who speaks of her passion for Sarajevo and of the conflict in the former Yugoslavia.

CNN's Larry King interviews Serbian President Slobodan Milosević two years into the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The interview begins with combat footage from Bosnia of soldiers and heavy artillery. The current cease-fire brokered by former President and special envoy Jimmy Carter is highlighted, including details of talks in Belgrade with Milošević and representatives from France, Britain, Germany, the United States, and Russia. After the interview, diplomatic correspondents from all the major TV networks comment on the situation.

French UNPROFOR soldier killed by sniper caught on film. Coverage of ensuing controversy and French threats to remove all their troops from the former Yugoslavia.

The story of the "Yellow Wasps," the Serbian paramilitary unit which operated in eastern Bosnia from 1992 onwards. Shots from the trial of its commander, Dušan Vučković, and his brother, Vojin, accused of war crimes in the Zvornik area. The main storyteller is journalist Jovan Dulović. Testimonies from several individuals, both survivors and perpetrators. Vojin Vučković in the interview denies any killing of civilians. Vojislav Šešelj confirms that 30,000 volunteers were sent to Bosnia and they were supplied with arms and ammunition by the Serbian authorities. Roy Gutman, Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter of genocide in Bosnia, describes the deportation of Muslim civilians he witnessed. Former secretary of State, Lawrence Eagleburger, interviewed about what the U.S. Government knew about mass deportations in Bosnia, and what its response was.

Former secretary of State, Lawrence Eagleburger, interviewed about what the U.S. Government knew about mass deportations in Bosnia, and what its response was.

Person of the week honor given to Judge Richard Goldstone; short profile including interview; his background explained and some footage of war in Yugoslavia included.

This Late Edition examines what the U.S. role in the Bosnia conflict should be when the Bosnian Serbs are overrunning the safe haven of Srebrenica and are on the verge of overrunning another safe haven, Žepa. A report from Sarajevo on the military situation on the ground by Brent Sadler is featured. Richard Holbrooke, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State, joins a discussion on the nature of the involvement of U.S. troops in Bosnia. Three retired generals, Gen. Mackenzie, former UN commander in Bosnia; Crosbie Saint, former NATO commander; and William Odom, U.S. Army, discuss what the U.S. troops would face if sent to Bosnia. Statements by William Perry (courtesy of ABC) on the importance of sustaining neutrality in the peacekeeping missions, and Alexander Ivanko, UN Spokesman, who speaks on the situation in Žepa, are featured. Pictures of Bosnian Muslim refugees from Srebrenica are shown. A discussion on this topic with a panel of journalists, Tony Snow (Detroit News), Eleanor Clift (Newsweek), and Alan Murray (Wall Street Journal), is also featured.

Nightly news coverage of bombing of TV building in Sarajevo.

Chronology of the conflict in the former Yugoslavia, narrated by Michael Foot, former Labour Party leader. He is especially critical of the British failure to intervene as Yugoslavia was consumed by war.

Report from Sarajevo on the rising tensions between Serbian and UN forces in Bosnia.

Story of Boško, a Serb, and Admira, a Muslim, high school sweethearts, shot as they fled from Sarajevo—despite being assured safe passage. They died in each others arms in no mans land. Family and friends remember them fondly. Some footage of war.

Story of Boško, a Serb, and Admira, a Muslim, high school sweethearts, shot as they fled from Sarajevo—despite being assured safe passage. They died in each others arms in no mans land. Family and friends remember them fondly. Some footage of war.

Report on the latest developments at the fronts in Croatia and Bosnia. Paddy Ashdown interviewed.

Documentary film about the rise of crime in Serbia—a result of the war and dismal economic conditions. The film depicts Serbia as a frustrated nation whose youth and talent left at the outbreak of war, forcing those that remained to cope with continuing violence and staggering inflation. The result, as the film suggests, has been the rise of gangs and inter-gang violence. Unable to find suitable work, many of the remaining Serbian youth have taken to robbery, drug dealing, and various forms of smuggling. Also addressed is how this violence, which is carried out by gangs with only marginal levels of organization, has spilled over into the streets, thus affecting many innocent Serbian citizens. The film includes interviews numerous gang members, police officials, and war veterans.

A film that attempts to show how the media distorts images of the war, namely the misrepresentation of the Serbs by Western media.

The film traces evidence of the crimes committed against Serbs in Croatia and Bosnia, but which were neglected by international media and organizations.

Documentary discussing the Serbian Krajina region from the Serb perspective. It traces the history of Serb settlement in that area, as well as Serb-Croat relations throughout history. The documentary gives an extensive explanation of the WWII Nazi-backed Independent State of Croatia, and its genocide perpetrated against the Serb people. A link between the Independent State of Croatia and present day Croatia is established in this piece. Much focus is given to Ante Starčević's "Croat Statehood Program," and his theory of Serb inferiority and an ethnically clean Croatia. The documentary follows the systematic buildup of tension among the Croat and Serb people in Croatia—these tensions eventually turning into an armed conflict. There is also an extensive discussion about Serb genocide, the destruction of property, anti-Serb propaganda, the raiding of Serb towns and villages, the attempts by the Krajina Serbs to use democratic means of achieving autonomy, and the systematic expulsion of Serb people from Croatia. Sound bites of Franjo Tuđman and Stipe Mesić proclaiming Croatia's independence from Yugoslavia appear throughout the documentary. Numerous sound bites of Croatian Democratic Union members organizing and supporting the armament of Croatian people. Interview with Jovan Rasković, leader of the Serbian Democratic Party, who talks about an inability to express Serb ideas in the Croat parliament. Several Krajina Serb people talk about their family members being killed and their property destroyed. Dave, and several other foreign mercenaries serving in the Croat army, discuss the abundance of arms and the freedom to do what they want. Mijo Krajinović, a Serb man, describes the torture suffered at a Croat camp. Simo Brdar, curator of the Jasenovac camp, states that many WWII documents showing Serb genocide in Croatia have disappeared. Neven Mešanović, a Serb boy, describes losing his leg to a grenade. Other extensive footage of the following is available: corpses found in Krajina by UN soldiers, Krajina Serbs staging a referendum as well as proclaiming independence from Croatia, two Serb men showing their wounds from being beaten by Croat militia, Serb mobilization, Croat soldiers taking oath to defend Croatia, and much footage of Serb refugees leaving Croatia.

The tape consists of different programs on the suffering of people affected by UN sanctions imposed in May 1992. Children, the elderly, and the sick are the most vulnerable, because of the shortage of medical supplies and a strict trade embargo.

Film about the UN sanctions imposed on Yugoslavia, and how its citizens are trying to make ends meet under the trade embargo and travel and transport ban. Many passers-by interviewed.

Concentration camp Jasenovac was established during World War II in Croatia. Ustashi persecution over Serbs, Jews and Gypsies.

Children of Serbian Krajina speak about the war and their everyday lives; many of them lost their parents.

Film on the anniversary of the Yugoslav official news agency "Filmske novosti," with many historic shots.

Report on concentration camps in Bosnia and Croatia during the conflict in the former Yugoslavia, made mostly on the grounds of the findings of the Serbian Refugee Commissariat's Documentation Center. Many witness testimonies.

Historical analysis of the animosities between different nations on the Balkan peninsula, starting with the arrival of the South Slav tribes to this area up to the present.

Combining old and new film sequences, the author tries to draw a parallel between the Independent State of Croatia during WWII and the proclamation of independence of Croatia on June 25, 1991.

UN missions in Bosnia, Somalia, Rwanda, and other troubled regions throughout the world, with daily images of success and failure. What will be the UN's role in the future?

Interrogation of a captured Croatian soldier.

Report about the destruction of orthodox churches in Slavonija. Archbishop Lukijan interviewed. Shots of devastated historical monuments.

Political situation in Croatia in the 1990s compared to the period of Independent State of Croatia, 1941–1945. Archival footage of the Croatian Ustashi government, including Ante Pavelić, as well as Serbian victims and their remains from World War II, is featured. Jasenovac, the largest concentration camp in Croatia, is shown. Graphic footage related to the contemporary conflict in Croatia is included, showing refugees fleeing across a river, the celebration of Tuđman's election victory in Zagreb, the proclamation of independence by the Croatian Parliament, the Croatian Army parading, destruction of civilian property in Croatia, a procession of Orthodox priests and Serbs carrying bones, an Orthodox priest giving a speech, Jovan Rašković (SDS leader in Serb-held part of Croatia) rallying in Knin, Slobodan Milošević, Tuđman with Helmut Kohl, destruction in Vukovar, and refugees fleeing from Vukovar. Segments from the testimonies of Jasenovac survivors and by survivors of the contemporary conflict in Croatia are also included.

The program shows the persecution of Serbs by the Muslim and Croat forces in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The "Muslim" government of Bosnia is described as an extreme Islamic government on the rise. Incidents involving the withdrawal of the Yugoslav People's Army from Sarajevo in 1992 are shown. Footage of JNA positions in Sarajevo, residents leaving the city at the city airport, destruction of the city, graphic images of soldiers murdered in Sarajevo, and JNA barracks is included. Incidents of JNA withdrawal from Tuzla, on May 15, 1992 and from Trebinje in July 1992 are also featured. Captions with names of victims that died featured throughout the film. Interviews with Serbian survivors, both soldiers and civilians. Some footage of British mercenaries from a BBC documentary is included.

This report focuses on rape, which is recognized as a war crime by the War Crimes Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. A UN commission has collected information on over 4,500 cases of rape in the former Yugoslavia. UN investigators estimate that more than 20,000 rapes have been carried out. Women on all sides, Muslim, Croat, and Serb, have been raped, but the patterns of reported rapes “strongly suggest that a systematic rape policy existed in certain areas” controlled by Serbs. Statements are provided by Samra Gluhić (Women's Support Group), Cherif Bassiouni (head of the UN commission investigating war crimes in Bosnia), victims of rape, and Borislav Herak, a captured Serb soldier who describes the rapes he committed. Images of women refugees included.

Croats and Muslims in Bosnia are accused of arranging bloodshed of their own civilians to win the international community over on their side. Following these accusations, international sanctions were imposed on Yugoslavia in May 1992.

This edition features: 1. "Rizik istine" by Milica Kovačić, about the revoking of CNN and AFP correspondents' accreditations in Yugoslavia; Vojislav Šešelj and Zoran Đinđić are interviewed on the issue. 2. "Između egzila i azila" by Gordana Suša, about 350,000 mostly young emigrants from Yugoslavia, who have left since the war begun; Lordan Zafranović, Vidosav Stevanović, Predrag Matvejević, and Ivan Đurić interviewed. 3. "Metla po čistačima" by Jelena Grujić, about attacks on Gypsies and Albanians, workers of the garbage collection service in Belgrade, while on duty in the night shift. 4. "Argumentom protiv utiska" by Isidora Sekulić: attacks on the Serbian Soros Foundation are contrasted with facts about its humanitarian aid, particularly to medical institutions; Prof. Dr Dušan Vranješević, Head of the Youth Psychiatric Clinic in Belgrade, and Dr Dragan Lukić, from Center for handicapped children, are interviewed. 5. "Udruženje oštećenih" by Dušan Gajić, about various protests over a lack of money for pensions, health, children’s allowances, and other social needs. 6. "Novac I politika" by Mihailo Kovač, about how Serbian politics is being governed more and more by strong financial circles, and not by political parties. 7. "Iza fasade" by Ljubiša Stavrić: a video essay on Belgrade and its transformation from a European city into provincial center. 8. "Bombe" by Filip Švarm: an analysis of the political consequences of the first NATO air strikes in Bosnia. 9. "Junaci rata i mira" by Radivoj Cvetićanin: a portrait of Vitaly Churkin, Russian envoy to the former Yugoslavia. 10. "Stereotip fašizma" by Marina Grihović, on anti-Semitism in Serbia; Filip David and Aljoša Mimica are interviewed. 11. "Između zločina I kazne" by Boris Gajić, on ecological accidents in Serbia, and the lack of control over imported food—which is sometimes contaminated. 12. "Corax": a portrait of a popular Yugoslav cartoonist.

In this edition: "Lista nad listama" by Vojislav Donić; "Figure za žrtvovanje" by Aleksandar Životić and Božo Knežević; "Tonči i batine" by Isidora Sekulić; "Dogovor (Milošević and Tuđman)"; "Palicom do priznanja" by Nebojša Redžić; "Opstanak kao izumiranje" by Zlatko Paković; "Tuđini kod kuće" by Gordana Suša and Rade Radovanović; "Jugo-san" by Nenad Stefanović; and "Kum VIII" by Filip Mladenović.

The film follows the lives of two young Bosnian refugee women. Alma Kuduzović and Biba Hadžiavdić talk about coming to the United States in order to complete their education. Alma shares her memory and the emotions felt during the first days of war, and describes the way her family fled to Croatia. She also compares the school system in the U.S. to that in Bosnia. Biba talks about the impression of America and how she felt when she came to the U.S. The girls are shown hanging out with other young Bosnian friends, as well as going shopping for a Bosnian flag. Both of them talk about the things they miss from Bosnia. They are shown talking about the food they miss, as well as showing each other pictures of the friends and family they left behind.

On the massacre of the civilian Serb population in Kupres carried out by Bosnian Croat forces. Captured Croat soldiers and survivors are interviewed. Includes some very graphic shots of massacred bodies.

A documentary made up of two parts. Talks about the history of genocide perpetrated by Croat paramilitary forces upon the Serbian people. Film gives a detailed history of the philosophy behind the genocide against the Serbs people. The history of WWII Nazi-backed Croatia and its concentration camps where mostly Serbs were exterminated is presented in great detail. Furthermore, a doctrine of Croatia's WWII ideological leader, Ante Starčević is also examined in great detail. Authors make an attempt to show that present-day genocide against the Serb people was to be expected, as many paramilitary groups have called upon the beliefs of WWII Nazi Croatia. Extensive footage of WWII Croatia and of concentration camp victims is available in this film.